TOEFL TPO 12 Speaking Task 4 Sample: Using the points and examples from the talk, explain how substitute goods and complement goods influence the demand for a particular product.

1.Sub Scores

• Delivery: 3

• Language Use: 3

• Topic Development: 3

2.Estimated Scores

• Total Score: 23

3.Delivery The speaker's delivery is generally clear and fluid, with a consistent pace and only occasional pauses. However, there are some minor issues with punctuation and pronunciation that could be improved. For example, the phrase "the price of the relative products" should be "the price of related products." Additionally, the phrase "the demand of the measure" should be "the demand for margarine." To improve delivery, the speaker should focus on proper pronunciation and appropriate pauses to enhance clarity.

4.Topic Development The speaker provides a coherent and well-organized response, with clear connections between ideas and sufficient support or examples. The explanation of substitute goods (butter and margarine) and complement goods (CDs and CD players) effectively demonstrates how these factors influence product demand. However, there is room for improvement in terms of elaborating on these examples to provide a more in-depth understanding. The speaker could also benefit from using more varied sentence structures to enhance the overall flow of the response.

5.Language Use

In the lecture, the professor explained two factors that affect the demand of the products. It is believed that the price itself is a major factor to influence the demand of the products. But there are second factors also that will result in different demands. The first is the price of the relative related products ("related" is more appropriate than "relative" in this context). For example, if the price of a butter is increased, then people will choose a cheaper one. So the demand of the measure margarine will increase (corrected "measure" to "margarine" for clarity). And secondly, the complementary goods, the price, will also influence the demand. Such as CD and CD players. If one of the CD or CD player's price is invariant increased, the demand of both will be influenced (changed "invariant" to "increased" for better understanding).

Revised Answer (140 words):

In the lecture, the professor discussed two factors that affect product demand: price and related products. While price is a significant factor, related products can also impact demand in different ways. The first type of related products are substitute goods, such as butter and margarine. When butter's price increases, people may opt for a cheaper alternative like margarine, leading to an increase in margarine's demand.

The second type of related products are complementary goods, like CDs and CD players. These goods require each other to function properly. If either product's price increases, it can negatively affect the demand for both items. In summary, understanding the relationship between substitute and complementary goods is crucial to predicting how changes in the price of one product can influence the demand for another.

6.Mind Map

- Factors affecting product demand
  - Price
  - Related products
    - Substitute goods
      - Example: Butter and margarine
      - Price increase of one leads to increased demand for the other
    - Complementary goods
      - Example: CDs and CD players
      - Price increase of one negatively affects demand for both

- Summary: Importance of understanding substitute and complementary goods relationships in predicting demand changes.

7.Key Words

1.Sub Scores

Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.Estimated Scores

23. 3.Delivery

The speaker's delivery is generally clear and fluid, with a consistent pace and only occasional pauses. However, there are some minor issues with punctuation and pronunciation that could be improved. For example, the phrase "meaning that these goods can be used without each other" should be "meaning that these goods can't be used without each other." To improve delivery, the speaker should focus on practicing accurate pronunciation and appropriate pauses to enhance the clarity of their speech.

4.Topic Development

The response is coherent and well-organized, with clear connections between ideas and sufficient support or examples. The speaker effectively explains how substitute goods and complement goods influence the demand for a particular product using relevant examples. However, there is room for improvement in providing more detailed explanations or additional examples to further support the main points. To enhance topic development, the speaker should consider expanding on their explanations and providing more specific examples to better illustrate the concepts of substitute goods and complement goods.

5.Language Use

The speaker's language use in the response is generally good, but there are some issues with sentence structure, vocabulary, and grammar that need to be addressed. Here is the reviewed version of the original text with corrections and explanations:

Original: meaning that these goods can be used without each other Corrected: meaning that these goods can be used without each other meaning that these goods can't be used without each other (The original statement was incorrect; the corrected version accurately reflects the concept of complement goods.)

Original: So when the price of CD goes up, the price for CD players will go up too Corrected: So when the price of CD goes up, the price for CD players will go up too So when the price of CDs goes up, the demand for CD players will also decrease (The original statement was unclear and did not accurately convey the relationship between complement goods; the corrected version provides a clearer explanation.)

Revised Answer (140 words):

There are two types of products for which demand can be influenced by the price of related items. The first type is called substitute goods, which means that these products can replace one another as they are interchangeable. For example, butter and margarine serve similar purposes. When the price of butter increases, people tend to buy margarine instead, leading to an increase in demand for margarine. The second type is called complement goods, which refers to products that cannot function without each other. They complete each other's use. For instance, CDs and CD players need to be used together. When the price of CDs increases, demand for both CDs and CD players decreases because they are interdependent. Understanding the concepts of substitute and complement goods helps us better predict how changes in the price of one product can affect the demand for another.

6.Mind Map

• Demand
  • Influenced by price
    • Substitute goods
      • Interchangeable products
      • Example: Butter and margarine
    • Complement goods
      • Products that complete each other
      • Example: CDs and CD players

7.Key Words

1.子项得分

• 交付：3

• 语言使用：3

• 话题发展：3

2.预估分数

• 23

3.表达 从交付方面来看，回答者的语言流利度和语速较为稳定，但偶尔出现停顿。为了提高表达能力，建议练习更自然地进行停顿，并注意正确发音以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答者提供了一个连贯且组织良好的回答，并在一定程度上使用了足够的支持和例子。但是，可以考虑更详细地解释替代品和互补品如何影响需求，以便更充分地展示对概念的理解。同时，注意保持回答紧密围绕问题，确保内容的相关性。

5.语言使用

原文：In the lecture, the professor talks about the fluctuation of the price and demand for the products which corresponds with the other goods, In the lecture, the professor discusses how price fluctuations and demand for products are influenced by other goods, (将句子结构调整得更自然)and firstly, it is a substitute good, it means it has the same properties with the other products. Firstly, there are substitute goods, which means they have similar properties to other products. (简化句子结构，使其更清晰)Take the margarine and butter as an example, if the price of the butter increases, people are more likely to buy the margarine, For example, if the price of butter increases, people are more likely to buy margarine, (改进例子的引入方式)and the demand of the margarine increases. resulting in an increased demand for margarine. (使句子更自然流畅)And second, it is a complement good, Secondly, there are complement goods, (改进句子结构)it means it can co-operate with another product to a complete one. which means they work together with another product to form a complete unit. (使句子更清晰)And take the CD and CD player as an example, if the price of the CD increases, so the price of the CD players will also increase, because the demand of the CD players will decrease. For instance, if the price of CDs increases, the demand for CD players will decrease, leading to a potential increase in their price as well. (使句子更自然流畅)So it is the two goods which will influence the previous product. Thus, both substitute and complement goods influence the demand for a particular product. (总结句子，使其更清晰)

修订版（140词）：

In the lecture, the professor discusses how price fluctuations and demand for products are influenced by other goods. Firstly, there are substitute goods, which means they have similar properties to other products. For example, if the price of butter increases, people are more likely to buy margarine, resulting in an increased demand for margarine. Secondly, there are complement goods, which means they work together with another product to form a complete unit. For instance, if the price of CDs increases, the demand for CD players will decrease, leading to a potential increase in their price as well. Thus, both substitute and complement goods influence the demand for a particular product.

6.思维导图

- Lecture
    - Price fluctuations
    - Demand for products

- Substitute goods
    - Similar properties
    - Example: butter and margarine

- Complement goods
    - Work together
    - Example: CDs and CD players

- Influence on demand for a particular product

7.关键词