TOEFL TPO 12 Speaking Task 4 Sample: Using the points and examples from the talk, explain how substitute goods and complement goods influence the demand for a particular product.

1.Sub Scores

• Delivery: 3

• Language Use: 3

• Topic Development: 3

2.Estimated Scores

• Total Score: 23

3.Delivery The speaker's delivery is generally clear and fluid, with a consistent pace and only occasional pauses. However, there are some minor issues with punctuation and pronunciation that could be improved. For example, the phrase "the price of the relative products" should be "the price of related products." Additionally, the phrase "the demand of the measure" should be "the demand for margarine." To improve delivery, the speaker should focus on proper pronunciation and appropriate pauses to enhance clarity.

4.Topic Development The speaker provides a coherent and well-organized response, with clear connections between ideas and sufficient support or examples. The explanation of substitute goods (butter and margarine) and complement goods (CDs and CD players) effectively demonstrates how these factors influence product demand. However, there is room for improvement in terms of elaborating on these examples to provide a more in-depth understanding. The speaker could also benefit from using more varied sentence structures to enhance the overall flow of the response.

5.Language Use

In the lecture, the professor explained two factors that affect the demand of the products. It is believed that the price itself is a major factor to influence the demand of the products. But there are second factors also that will result in different demands. The first is the price of the relative related products ("related" is more appropriate than "relative" in this context). For example, if the price of a butter is increased, then people will choose a cheaper one. So the demand of the measure margarine will increase (corrected "measure" to "margarine" for clarity). And secondly, the complementary goods, the price, will also influence the demand. Such as CD and CD players. If one of the CD or CD player's price is invariant increased, the demand of both will be influenced (changed "invariant" to "increased" for better understanding).

Revised Answer (140 words):

In the lecture, the professor discussed two factors that affect product demand: price and related products. While price is a significant factor, related products can also impact demand in different ways. The first type of related products are substitute goods, such as butter and margarine. When butter's price increases, people may opt for a cheaper alternative like margarine, leading to an increase in margarine's demand.

The second type of related products are complementary goods, like CDs and CD players. These goods require each other to function properly. If either product's price increases, it can negatively affect the demand for both items. In summary, understanding the relationship between substitute and complementary goods is crucial to predicting how changes in the price of one product can influence the demand for another.

6.Mind Map

- Factors affecting product demand
  - Price
  - Related products
    - Substitute goods
      - Example: Butter and margarine
      - Price increase of one leads to increased demand for the other
    - Complementary goods
      - Example: CDs and CD players
      - Price increase of one negatively affects demand for both

- Summary: Importance of understanding substitute and complementary goods relationships in predicting demand changes.

7.Key Words

1.Sub Scores

Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.Estimated Scores

23. 3.Delivery

The speaker's delivery is generally clear and fluid, with a consistent pace and only occasional pauses. However, there are some minor issues with punctuation and pronunciation that could be improved. For example, the phrase "meaning that these goods can be used without each other" should be "meaning that these goods can't be used without each other." To improve delivery, the speaker should focus on practicing accurate pronunciation and appropriate pauses to enhance the clarity of their speech.

4.Topic Development

The response is coherent and well-organized, with clear connections between ideas and sufficient support or examples. The speaker effectively explains how substitute goods and complement goods influence the demand for a particular product using relevant examples. However, there is room for improvement in providing more detailed explanations or additional examples to further support the main points. To enhance topic development, the speaker should consider expanding on their explanations and providing more specific examples to better illustrate the concepts of substitute goods and complement goods.

5.Language Use

The speaker's language use in the response is generally good, but there are some issues with sentence structure, vocabulary, and grammar that need to be addressed. Here is the reviewed version of the original text with corrections and explanations:

Original: meaning that these goods can be used without each other Corrected: meaning that these goods can be used without each other meaning that these goods can't be used without each other (The original statement was incorrect; the corrected version accurately reflects the concept of complement goods.)

Original: So when the price of CD goes up, the price for CD players will go up too Corrected: So when the price of CD goes up, the price for CD players will go up too So when the price of CDs goes up, the demand for CD players will also decrease (The original statement was unclear and did not accurately convey the relationship between complement goods; the corrected version provides a clearer explanation.)

Revised Answer (140 words):

There are two types of products for which demand can be influenced by the price of related items. The first type is called substitute goods, which means that these products can replace one another as they are interchangeable. For example, butter and margarine serve similar purposes. When the price of butter increases, people tend to buy margarine instead, leading to an increase in demand for margarine. The second type is called complement goods, which refers to products that cannot function without each other. They complete each other's use. For instance, CDs and CD players need to be used together. When the price of CDs increases, demand for both CDs and CD players decreases because they are interdependent. Understanding the concepts of substitute and complement goods helps us better predict how changes in the price of one product can affect the demand for another.

6.Mind Map

• Demand
  • Influenced by price
    • Substitute goods
      • Interchangeable products
      • Example: Butter and margarine
    • Complement goods
      • Products that complete each other
      • Example: CDs and CD players

7.Key Words

1.子项得分

• 交付：3

• 语言使用：3

• 话题发展：3

2.预估分数

• 23

3.表达 从交付方面来看，回答者的语言流利度和语速较为稳定，但偶尔出现停顿。为了提高表达能力，建议练习更自然地进行停顿，并注意正确发音以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答者提供了一个连贯且组织良好的回答，并在一定程度上使用了足够的支持和例子。但是，可以考虑更详细地解释替代品和互补品如何影响需求，以便更充分地展示对概念的理解。同时，注意保持回答紧密围绕问题，确保内容的相关性。

5.语言使用

原文：In the lecture, the professor talks about the fluctuation of the price and demand for the products which corresponds with the other goods, In the lecture, the professor discusses how price fluctuations and demand for products are influenced by other goods, (将句子结构调整得更自然)and firstly, it is a substitute good, it means it has the same properties with the other products. Firstly, there are substitute goods, which means they have similar properties to other products. (简化句子结构，使其更清晰)Take the margarine and butter as an example, if the price of the butter increases, people are more likely to buy the margarine, For example, if the price of butter increases, people are more likely to buy margarine, (改进例子的引入方式)and the demand of the margarine increases. resulting in an increased demand for margarine. (使句子更自然流畅)And second, it is a complement good, Secondly, there are complement goods, (改进句子结构)it means it can co-operate with another product to a complete one. which means they work together with another product to form a complete unit. (使句子更清晰)And take the CD and CD player as an example, if the price of the CD increases, so the price of the CD players will also increase, because the demand of the CD players will decrease. For instance, if the price of CDs increases, the demand for CD players will decrease, leading to a potential increase in their price as well. (使句子更自然流畅)So it is the two goods which will influence the previous product. Thus, both substitute and complement goods influence the demand for a particular product. (总结句子，使其更清晰)

修订版（140词）：

In the lecture, the professor discusses how price fluctuations and demand for products are influenced by other goods. Firstly, there are substitute goods, which means they have similar properties to other products. For example, if the price of butter increases, people are more likely to buy margarine, resulting in an increased demand for margarine. Secondly, there are complement goods, which means they work together with another product to form a complete unit. For instance, if the price of CDs increases, the demand for CD players will decrease, leading to a potential increase in their price as well. Thus, both substitute and complement goods influence the demand for a particular product.

6.思维导图

- Lecture
    - Price fluctuations
    - Demand for products

- Substitute goods
    - Similar properties
    - Example: butter and margarine

- Complement goods
    - Work together
    - Example: CDs and CD players

- Influence on demand for a particular product

7.关键词

1.子项得分

• 交付 (Delivery): 3

• 语言使用 (Language Use): 3

• 话题发展 (Topic Development): 3

2.预估分数

• 总分: 23

3.表达 回答中的发音大部分清晰，但在某些地方存在轻微的停顿。为了提高发音的流利度，建议练习更连贯的表达方式，减少不必要的停顿。同时，注意一些单词的发音，如 "macarons" 应为 "margarine"。

4.话题发展 回答内容基本上涵盖了听力材料中的关键点，但在组织结构和例子方面还有待加强。建议在解释替代品和互补品对需求影响时，更清晰地阐述两者之间的关系，并给出更具体的例子。此外，在回答中使用更多连接词，使句子之间的衔接更自然。

5.语言使用

原文及修改：

Well, the professor is talking about the demandsdemand of products, (需求，不是复数形式) well, not only influenced by their own price, but also influenced by other related products' price. One type of this thing is substitutessubstitute goods(替代品，用更准确的词汇), like the butters'butter's price increased, and people will think they are not affordable, and switch their mind to macaronsmargarine(错误的单词，应为margarine), which is substitutes to buttersa substitute for butter. So the macarons'margarine's demands were increased by the butters' change.increases when the price of butter goes up. And the second type is when two products were complement to each other,are complementary, like the CD and disc players. So when CD's price increased, the user of CDs will decrease, which means the demand of disc players were influenced and decreased by this change of CDis also affected and decreases due to the increased price of CDs. So these two kinds of products in...

修改后的回答（140词）：

The professor discusses the demand for products, which is not only influenced by their own price but also by the price of related products. One type of these related products is substitute goods, such as when the butter's price increases, people find it unaffordable and switch to margarine, a substitute for butter. Consequently, the demand for margarine increases when the price of butter goes up. The second type is when two products are complementary, like CDs and CD players. When the price of CDs increases, their usage decreases, which in turn affects the demand for CD players, causing it to decrease as well. These two types of products illustrate how substitute goods and complementary goods can influence the demand for a particular product.

6.思维导图

- Demand for products
    - Influenced by
        - Own price
        - Price of related products
            - Substitute goods
                - Example: Butter and Margarine
            - Complementary goods
                - Example: CDs and CD players

7.关键词

1.子项得分

• 交付：3

• 语言使用：3

• 话题发展：3

2.预估分数

• 23

3.表达 回答中的发音和语速基本上是清晰和流畅的，但在某些地方存在一些不必要的停顿。为了提高交付效果，建议练习更自然地连接句子，减少不必要的停顿。同时，注意正确发音单词以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 回答内容基本上是连贯和组织良好的，但可以进一步改进。在解释替代品和互补品时，可以更详细地说明它们如何影响产品需求。例如，在讨论替代品时，可以提到价格变动如何导致消费者从一个产品转向另一个产品。在讨论互补品时，可以强调价格上涨会导致两个相关产品的需求都下降。通过提供更多详细信息和例子，可以使回答更加丰富和有说服力。

5.语言使用

原文：In the economic field, there are two concepts which is called substitute and complement. In economics, there are two concepts called substitutes and complements.（在经济学中，有两个概念，分别称为替代品和互补品。）

原文：The substitute means that when actually the demand of goods is influenced by the price of the goods itself, however, it's also influenced by the price of other goods. Substitutes refer to products whose demand is not only influenced by their own price but also by the price of other similar products.（替代品是指需求不仅受到自身价格影响，还受到其他类似产品价格影响的产品。）

原文：Substitute means that there are two goods which can be interchanged with another. Substitutes are products that can be used interchangeably with each other.（替代品是可以互相替换使用的产品。）

原文：Take CD and CD player for instance. For example, consider CDs and CD players.（例如，考虑CD和CD播放器。）

原文：When the price of CD increases, the demand for CD player will also decrease as well. When the price of CDs increases, the demand for CD players will also decrease.（当CD价格上涨时，CD播放器的需求也会减少。）

根据修改建议，回答的修订版本（140字）：

In economics, there are two concepts called substitutes and complements. Substitutes refer to products whose demand is not only influenced by their own price but also by the price of other similar products. For example, butter and margarine are substitutes because they can be used interchangeably for the same purposes. When the price of butter increases, the demand for margarine will increase as consumers switch to the cheaper alternative. Complements, on the other hand, are products that are used together, such as CDs and CD players. When the price of CDs increases, the demand for CD players will also decrease since both products are needed for their intended use.

6.思维导图

- Economics
  - Substitutes
    - Definition
    - Example: Butter and Margarine
    - Price influence on demand
  - Complements
    - Definition
    - Example: CDs and CD players
    - Price influence on demand

7.关键词

1.子项得分

• 交付 (Delivery): 3

• 语言使用 (Language Use): 3

• 话题发展 (Topic Development): 3

2.预估分数

• 总分: 23

3.表达 整体来说，发言者的表达较为清晰，语速适中。但在某些地方，发言者的语调和停顿稍显不自然。建议发言者在练习时注意自己的语调和停顿，使之更加自然流畅。

4.话题发展 发言者成功地解释了替代品和互补品如何影响某个产品的需求，并且给出了恰当的例子。但是，发言者可以尝试在回答中加入更多细节和连接词，以使回答更加连贯和有条理。例如，在提到替代品时，可以使用“因此”等连接词来强调价格上涨导致需求变化的逻辑关系。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: Well, the professor talks about two kinds of products that can influence demand. The first one is substitutes, which means those products are interchangeable. For example, butter and margarine. You know people can bake equally well with either of them. So when the butter's price increases, people will switch to margarine and buy more margarine instead. And besides, the second type is complement products, like CD and CD players. You know you need each other to make a function. So in this case, when the CD's price increases, the demand of CD will go down, and at the same time, the CD player's demand will go down also. So therefore, those are two products that can influence demand.

Corrected Answer: Well, the professor discusses two kinds of products that can influence demand(讨论，更自然的表达方式). The first one is substitute goods(替代品，更准确的词汇), which means those products are interchangeable. For example, butter and margarine; people can bake equally well with either of them(使用分号，使句子更连贯). So when the price of butter increases, people will switch to margarine and buy more margarine instead. Additionally, the second type is complementary goods(互补品，更准确的词汇), like CDs and CD players. These products require each other to function properly(更清晰地解释了互补品的概念). So in this case, when the price of CDs increases, the demand for CDs will go down, and at the same time, the demand for CD players will also decrease(使用更准确的词汇). Therefore, these are two types of products that can influence demand.

Revised Answer (140 words): The professor discusses two types of products that can influence demand: substitute goods and complementary goods. Substitute goods are interchangeable products, such as butter and margarine; people can bake equally well with either of them. When the price of butter increases, consumers tend to switch to margarine and buy more of it instead. On the other hand, complementary goods are products that require each other to function properly, like CDs and CD players. In this case, when the price of CDs increases, the demand for both CDs and CD players decreases as they are interdependent. By understanding these two types of products and their effects on demand, we can better analyze market trends and consumer behavior.

6.思维导图

- Introduction
  - Professor discusses
  - Two types of products

- Substitute Goods
  - Interchangeable products
  - Example: butter and margarine
  - Price increase effect on demand

- Complementary Goods
  - Products requiring each other to function
  - Example: CDs and CD players
  - Price increase effect on demand for both products

- Conclusion
  - Understanding effects on demand
  - Analyzing market trends and consumer behavior

7.关键词

1.子项得分

• 交付：3

• 语言使用：3

• 话题发展：3

2.预估分数

• 23

3.表达 从交付方面来看，回答中的语音清晰，语速较为稳定，但偶尔有停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议练习更流畅地表达观点，减少不必要的停顿。同时注意正确发音，避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容较为连贯和有组织，观点之间的联系清晰，并且提供了足够的支持和例子。但在解释替代品和互补品如何影响某一产品需求时，可以更详细地阐述原因和过程。建议在练习时尝试提供更多相关信息和具体例子，以使回答更加充实。

5.语言使用

原文：There are two main factors of the consumer's demand for a good. There are two main factors that influence a consumer's demand for a product. (更自然的表达方式) The first one is the substitute, which is similar goods as the original good. The first one is the substitute goods, which are similar to the original product. (修正语法和词汇) Therefore, when the price of one good increases, the demand of the other alternative increases. Therefore, when the price of one product increases, the demand for its substitute increases. (改进语法和清晰度) For example, butter and margarine, they are both similar things. For example, butter and margarine are both similar products. (修正语法和词汇) When the price of butter increases, it makes it less affordable, and therefore, consumers go to buy margarine more. When the price of butter increases, it becomes less affordable, and as a result, consumers tend to buy more margarine. (改进语法和连贯性) And the second one is complement. The second factor is complementary goods. (修正词汇) Complement goods are the goods that have to be used together to complete the usage of both products. Complementary goods are products that need to be used together for their intended purpose. (改进语法和清晰度) For example, disc and disc player, when the price of the CD increases, the demand of the disc player decreases because disc player have to be used with the CDs, and also, CDs price will decrease too. For example, CDs and CD players; when the price of CDs increases, the demand for CD players decreases because CD players must be used with CDs. Consequently, the demand for CDs will also decrease. (修正语法、词汇和连贯性)

修订版（140字）：

There are two main factors that influence a consumer's demand for a product. The first one is substitute goods, which are similar to the original product. Therefore, when the price of one product increases, the demand for its substitute increases. For example, butter and margarine are both similar products. When the price of butter increases, it becomes less affordable, and as a result, consumers tend to buy more margarine. The second factor is complementary goods. Complementary goods are products that need to be used together for their intended purpose. For example, CDs and CD players; when the price of CDs increases, the demand for CD players decreases because CD players must be used with CDs. Consequently, the demand for CDs will also decrease.

6.思维导图

- Factors influencing demand
    - Substitute goods
        - Similar products
        - Example: butter and margarine
        - Price increase of one product leads to increased demand for the substitute
    - Complementary goods
        - Products used together
        - Example: CDs and CD players
        - Price increase of one product leads to decreased demand for both products

7.关键词

1.子项得分

• 交付：3

• 语言使用：3

• 话题发展：3

2.预估分数

• 总分：23

3.表达 从交付方面来看，发言者的语言流利，语速较为稳定，但偶尔有停顿。为了提高表达能力，建议发言者在练习时注意掌握自然的停顿和连贯的发音。同时，可以多加练习，提高发音准确度。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，发言者的回答内容较为完整，能够清楚地解释替代品和互补品如何影响某一产品的需求，并给出了恰当的例子。但在组织结构上还有待加强。建议在回答问题时先简要概括听力内容，然后再详细解释替代品和互补品的影响，并给出例子。这样可以使回答更加条理清晰，更具说服力。

5.语言使用

原文：Well, the professor mentioned two complements and a subset of good words that can influence each other. The professor mentioned two types of goods, substitute goods and complement goods, which can influence each other's demand. (将原句中的“two complements and a subset of good words”修改为“two types of goods, substitute goods and complement goods”，使句子更清晰易懂。)
So, a substitute is the similar or good that can serve as the same function as the good. A substitute good is a product that can serve the same function as another good. (将原句中的“a substitute is the similar or good that can serve as the same function as the good”修改为“A substitute good is a product that can serve the same function as another good”，使句子更准确。)
For example, the professor mentioned butter and margarine. If the butter is less affordable, then people will tend to buy more margarine instead. For instance, the professor used butter and margarine as an example. If butter becomes less affordable, people will likely buy more margarine instead. (将原句中的“the professor mentioned”修改为“the professor used”，并调整句子结构，使句子更自然。)
And another example is the complement of good. For example, the disc and the player, if the customer buys a disc, they must buy the player. Another example is complement goods, such as CDs and CD players. If a customer buys a CD, they also need to buy a CD player. (将原句中的“the complement of good”修改为“complement goods”，并调整句子结构，使句子更自然。)
So if the price of the CD player increases, then the demand of the CD will decrease, and also the CD player will discontinue. Therefore, if the price of the CD player increases, the demand for CDs will decrease, and consequently, the demand for CD players will also decrease. (将原句中的“the demand of the CD”修改为“the demand for CDs”，并调整句子结构，使句子更自然。)

修订版（140词）：

The professor mentioned two types of goods, substitute goods and complement goods, which can influence each other's demand. A substitute good is a product that can serve the same function as another good. For instance, the professor used butter and margarine as an example. If butter becomes less affordable, people will likely buy more margarine instead. Another example is complement goods, such as CDs and CD players. If a customer buys a CD, they also need to buy a CD player. Therefore, if the price of the CD player increases, the demand for CDs will decrease, and consequently, the demand for CD players will also decrease.

6.思维导图

• Main Idea: Influence of Substitute and Complement Goods on Demand
  • Substitute Goods
    • Definition: Products that serve the same function
    • Example: Butter and Margarine
      • Price increase of butter -> Increased demand for margarine
  • Complement Goods
    • Definition: Products that are used together
    • Example: CDs and CD players
      • Price increase of CD player -> Decreased demand for CDs and CD players

7.关键词

1.子项得分

• 交付 (Delivery): 3

• 语言使用 (Language Use): 3

• 话题发展 (Topic Development): 3

2.预估分数

• 总分: 23

3.表达 回答中的发音大部分清晰，语速适中，但偶尔有些停顿。建议在练习时注意提高发音的准确性，并尝试在不影响理解的情况下减少停顿，让语言表达更流畅。

4.话题发展 回答内容基本上涵盖了听力材料中的关键点，并举了恰当的例子。但在组织结构上可以进一步优化，例如可以先介绍两种商品类型（替代品和互补品），然后再分别解释它们如何影响需求。此外，在解释过程中可以尝试使用更多的连接词，使句子之间的衔接更自然。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The passage discusses how substitute and complement goods change the demand for certain products. The lecture discusses how the demand for certain products is influenced by substitute and complementary goods. (将"passage"改为"lecture"，以便更准确地描述听力材料。同时，调整句子结构使其更自然。) First comes the substitute good. First, there are substitute goods. (修改句子结构，使其更自然。) When the price of one product increases, the demand of another product increases. Take the margarine and butter, for example, they have same functions. So when the price of butter increases, people will buy more margarine instead, so the demand of margarine increases. The second type is complement goods. When the price of one product increases, the demand of both products decreases. Take the CD and CD players, for example. When the price of CD increases, its demand will decrease definitely. And because we use CD and its player together, so the demand of CD player also decreases. So these are the examples how substitute and complement goods influence the demand of a particular product.

Revised Answer (140 words):

The lecture discusses how the demand for certain products is influenced by substitute and complementary goods. First, there are substitute goods, which can be used interchangeably with other products. When the price of one product increases, consumers tend to switch to a similar product with a lower price, leading to an increase in its demand. For instance, when butter becomes more expensive, people opt for margarine, which has similar functions, resulting in an increased demand for margarine. On the other hand, complementary goods are products that are used together. When the price of one complementary product rises, the demand for both products decreases. For example, when the price of CDs increases, not only does their demand decrease, but also the demand for CD players declines since they are used together. These examples illustrate how substitute and complementary goods influence the demand for a particular product.

6.思维导图

- Demand for products
  - Influenced by
    - Substitute goods
      - Interchangeable products
      - Example: Butter and Margarine
        - Price increase of butter -> Increased demand for margarine
    - Complementary goods
      - Used together
      - Example: CDs and CD players
        - Price increase of CDs -> Decreased demand for both CDs and CD players

7.关键词