TOEFL TPO 41 Speaking Task 3 Sample: Using the two examples from the professor’s lecture, explain what is meant by “the primacy effect" and how it can affect our opinions.

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

总体来说，回答的表达较为清晰，但在某些地方存在一些不太自然的停顿。建议在练习时注意语速的控制，尽量保持连贯流畅。此外，尝试纠正发音错误以提高口语表达的准确性。

4.话题发展 回答内容基本上符合题目要求，但在组织结构和连接词方面还有待加强。建议在练习时注意逻辑结构的梳理，使用恰当的连接词来串联各个观点，使回答更加条理清晰。同时，可以尝试提供更多具体的例子来支持观点。

5.语言使用

Original: The reading discusses a privacy effect The reading discusses the primacy effect（原文中的词汇错误，应为"primacy effect"，即"首因效应"） which causes people to base their opinions of others' observations more on initial information than subsequent information. The professor elaborates a concept with his own experience as a research assistant in the lab. During his early days in the job, he provides valuable advice leading to the success of the experiment. Despite making mistakes later, his boss continually viewed him as an excellent worker. Conversely, his colleague, who made a significant error during his first week, resulting in lost time and money for the lab. Although he made fewer mistakes than the professor afterward, her boss maintained the negative impression of him due to his initial mistake.

Revised (140 words): The reading passage introduces the primacy effect, which causes people to base their opinions on initial information rather than subsequent information. The professor supports this concept with personal experiences from his time as a research assistant. In his early days on the job, he provided valuable suggestions that led to a successful experiment. Despite making mistakes later on, his boss consistently regarded him as an excellent worker. In contrast, his colleague made a significant error during her first week, causing the lab to lose time and money. Although she made fewer mistakes than the professor afterward, her boss maintained a negative impression of her due to her initial mistake. This demonstrates how the primacy effect can significantly influence our opinions of others based on first impressions rather than considering their overall performance.

6.思维导图

- Primacy Effect
  - Definition
  - Professor's Experience
    - Positive first impression
      - Valuable suggestion
      - Successful experiment
      - Boss's consistent positive view
    - Negative first impression
      - Colleague's significant error
      - Lab's loss of time and money
      - Boss's maintained negative impression
  - Influence on opinions

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位考生的回答基本上是清晰的，语速适中，但有时会出现停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议考生在练习时注意掌握连贯的发音和自然的语调。同时，尝试减少不必要的停顿，使语言更加流畅。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，考生的回答内容基本上是连贯和有组织的，能够清晰地阐述观点，并提供了足够的例子来支持观点。但是，在回答中可以尝试更加深入地分析和解释“首因效应”的概念及其影响。此外，在使用教授的例子时，可以更加详细地描述这些例子以及它们如何证明“首因效应”的存在。总之，通过对话题进行更深入的探讨和提供更多有力的论据，可以使回答更加完整和有说服力。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The reading passage mentions the word primacy effect, which means that when people form opinions about a person or situation, those opinions are likely to be based on the first impression. The reading passage introduces the concept of the primacy effect, which occurs when people form opinions about someone or something based on their initial impressions. (原句中的表达较为简单，修改后的句子更加自然且使用了更高级的词汇。)

And in the lecture, the professor further explained this opinion by an example of him. In the lecture, the professor further illustrates this concept with a personal example. (修改后的句子结构更加清晰，表达更加准确。)

He used to be a research assistant in a laboratory for a year, and he made a really good suggestion to the boss about how should they improve the way that they are running an experiment. He once worked as a research assistant in a laboratory for a year and made an excellent suggestion to his boss on how to improve their experimental procedures. (修改后的句子结构更加清晰，使用了更高级的词汇。)

And the suggestion was really good, and his boss is really happy about him. The suggestion proved to be effective, and his boss was very pleased with him. (修改后的句子更加简洁，表达更加自然。)

And whenever his boss introduced him to other people, his boss would say that he is a really good person, and he has a star laboratory. Whenever his boss introduced him to others, he would praise him as an outstanding individual and a star research assistant. (修改后的句子结构更加清晰，表达更加准确。)

However, the professor's co-worker did not have this fortune. She made a really serious mistake in the first experiment, which had a really bad impression on the boss that whenever the boss introduced her to other people, the boss would say that she is really bad and make a lot of mistakes. Unfortunately, the professor's coworker did not share this luck. She made a significant mistake during her first experiment, leaving a negative impression on their boss. As a result, whenever the boss introduced her to others, he would mention her unreliability and tendency to make mistakes. (修改后的句子结构更加清晰，表达更加准确，使用了更高级的词汇。)

Revised Answer (140 words):

The reading passage introduces the concept of the primacy effect, which occurs when people form opinions about someone or something based on their initial impressions. In the lecture, the professor further illustrates this concept with a personal example. He once worked as a research assistant in a laboratory for a year and made an excellent suggestion to his boss on how to improve their experimental procedures. The suggestion proved to be effective, and his boss was very pleased with him. Whenever his boss introduced him to others, he would praise him as an outstanding individual and a star research assistant. Unfortunately, the professor's coworker did not share this luck. She made a significant mistake during her first experiment, leaving a negative impression on their boss. As a result, whenever the boss introduced her to others, he would mention her unreliability and tendency to make mistakes.

6.思维导图

- Primacy Effect
  - Reading Passage
    - Concept
    - Initial impressions
  - Lecture
    - Professor's example
      - Research assistant
      - Excellent suggestion
      - Boss's positive impression
    - Coworker's example
      - Significant mistake
      - Negative impression
      - Boss's opinion on unreliability

7.关键词