TOEFL TPO 41 Speaking Task 3 Sample: Using the two examples from the professor’s lecture, explain what is meant by “the primacy effect" and how it can affect our opinions.

1.Sub Scores Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.Estimated Scores

23. 3.Delivery

The speaker's delivery is generally clear and fluid, with a consistent pace and only occasional pauses. However, there are some instances where the sentence structure could be improved for better clarity. To enhance the delivery, the speaker should focus on refining their sentence structure and ensuring that their ideas are expressed more concisely.

4.Topic Development The response is coherent and well-organized, with clear connections between ideas and sufficient support or examples from the lecture. However, the speaker could improve their topic development by providing more specific details from the lecture to better illustrate the primacy effect. Additionally, it would be helpful to restate the main concept of the primacy effect at the beginning of the response for better clarity. Overall, focusing on incorporating more specific examples and restating key concepts will help improve topic development.

5.Language Use

Original: In the material, we know the primary primacy effect, which is a tendency that opinions we have of people or situations are based much on the first information rather than the information we learn later. In the psychology class, we learn the illustration of this concept by the example of the professor. Before the professor teaches, he is a research assistant in the lab. At first weeks, he gives a good suggestion to the boss. In this way, it leaves a good impression in the boss' mind and it never changes. Fortunately, he is a co-worker. At first weeks, she made a mistake and they recovered the data, consuming much money and time. The boss thinks she is unreliable and it is continuous thinking.

Corrected: In the material, we learn about the primary primacy (corrected for accurate terminology) effect, which is a tendency for opinions we have of people or situations to be based more on initial information rather than on information learned later. In the psychology class, we understand this concept through an example provided by the professor. Before becoming a teacher, he was a research assistant in a lab. During his first weeks first week (corrected for accuracy), he made a valuable suggestion to his boss, leaving a lasting positive impression. Conversely, his coworker made a mistake during her first week, causing data loss and additional expenses. As a result, their boss considered her unreliable, perpetuating this belief over time.

Revised (140 words): In the material, we learn about the primacy effect, a tendency for opinions to be based more on initial information rather than on information learned later. In the psychology class, we understand this concept through an example provided by the professor. Before becoming a teacher, he was a research assistant in a lab. During his first week, he made a valuable suggestion to his boss, leaving a lasting positive impression. Conversely, his coworker made a mistake during her first week, causing data loss and additional expenses. As a result, their boss considered her unreliable, perpetuating this belief over time. This example demonstrates how the primacy effect can influence our opinions of others based on first impressions, even when subsequent actions or performance may contradict those initial judgments.

6.Mind Map

- Primacy Effect
  - Definition
  - Psychology class example
    - Professor's experience
      - Positive first impression
      - Lasting impact on boss's opinion
    - Coworker's experience
      - Negative first impression
      - Continued perception of unreliability
  - Influence on opinions
    - First impressions vs. subsequent actions

7.Key Words

1.Sub Scores Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.Estimated Scores

23. 3.Delivery

The speaker's delivery is generally clear and fluid, with a consistent pace and only occasional pauses. However, there are some areas where the speech could be improved. The speaker should work on reducing unnecessary repetitions (e.g., "in the first week") and focus on using more varied sentence structures to make the speech more engaging. Additionally, the speaker should practice pronunciation to avoid any potential misunderstandings due to inaccurate pronunciation.

4.Topic Development The response is coherent and well-organized, with clear connections between ideas and sufficient support or examples from both the reading passage and the lecture. However, there is room for improvement in terms of providing more detailed explanations of the primacy effect and its impact on people's opinions. The speaker could also mention how the professor's personal experience illustrates the primacy effect in action, as well as emphasize the contrast between the two research assistants' experiences. Overall, the speaker should work on expanding their response to include more in-depth analysis and discussion of the topic.

5.Language Use

The reading passage focuses on the concept of primacy effect the primacy effect(added "the" for proper article usage). It talks about how people form opinions for of(changed "for" to "of" for correct preposition usage) the person based on first impressions. The professor in the lecture gives a perfect example. The example is the professor was a scientist that when the professor was a scientist(rephrased for clarity and natural flow) in a laboratory and when he joined the team in the first week, he did a great performance. In the future, his boss appreciated him and trusted him even though he made some mistakes. But in the contract, on the other hand,(changed "in the contract" to "on the other hand" for proper transition) his colleague made a big mistake in the first week and so they cost a lot of money and time to fix it. After that, his boss did not really trust her even though she did a great report. So it's a great example for illustrating that.

Revised Answer (140 words):

The reading passage focuses on the concept of the primacy effect, which explains how people form opinions of others based on first impressions. The professor in the lecture provides an excellent example by sharing his experience as a scientist in a laboratory. When he joined the team, he performed well during his first week, which led to his boss appreciating and trusting him despite making mistakes later on. On the other hand, his colleague made a significant mistake during her first week, costing the lab time and money. As a result, the boss did not trust her even though she later produced a great report. This example effectively illustrates the primacy effect and how it can impact our opinions of others based on initial impressions.

6.Mind Map

• Primacy Effect

  • First impressions
  • Opinions formation

• Professor's Example

  • Positive first impression
    • Trust and appreciation
  • Negative first impression
    • Lack of trust

• Impact on opinions

7.Key Words

1.Sub Scores Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.Estimated Scores

23. 3.Delivery

The speaker's delivery is generally clear and fluid, but there are some occasional pauses that could be improved. To enhance the delivery, the speaker should practice speaking more consistently and work on reducing unnecessary pauses. Additionally, focusing on accurate pronunciation will help eliminate any spelling errors that may arise from mispronunciation.

4.Topic Development The response provides a coherent and well-organized explanation of the primacy effect using examples from the professor's lecture. However, there is room for improvement in terms of providing more detailed connections between the examples and the concept of the primacy effect. To enhance topic development, the speaker should focus on elaborating on how the examples specifically demonstrate the primacy effect and its impact on people's opinions.

5.Language Use

Original: Supremacy effect Primacy effect (The term used in the reading passage and lecture is "primacy effect," not "supremacy effect.") is a tendency where people's opinions towards a person or a situation are greatly affected by their first impression. In the professor's lecture, the professor compels (The correct word should be "compares") himself to one of his classmates. The difference between them is that the professor successfully completed the first task in the lab and leave (The correct form should be "left") a good impression to his boss as a result. However, his classmate didn't. This greatly affected the attitude of their bosses, regardless of the future appearance of them.

Revised (140 words):

The primacy effect is a tendency where people's opinions towards a person or a situation are greatly influenced by their first impression. In the professor's lecture, he compares himself to one of his coworkers, highlighting the differences in their initial experiences at the lab. The professor successfully completed his first task and left a positive impression on his boss as a result. In contrast, his coworker made a mistake during her first week, which negatively impacted her boss's perception of her abilities. Despite their subsequent performances, their boss continued to view them based on their initial impressions. This illustrates how the primacy effect can significantly affect our opinions of others, even when later information contradicts those initial assessments. To achieve a better understanding of someone's abilities or a situation, it is essential to consider all available information rather than relying solely on first impressions.

6.Mind Map

• Primacy effect

  • Definition
  • Influence on opinions

• Professor's lecture

  • Personal example
    • Positive first impression
    • Negative first impression
  • Impact on boss's perception

• Importance of considering all information

7.Key Words