TOEFL TPO 74 Speaking Task 3 Sample: Explain how the example of the heron illustrates exaptation.

1.子项得分

• 交付：3

• 语言使用：3

• 话题发展：3

2.预估分数

• 总分：23

3.表达 回答中的发音和语速基本上是清晰和流畅的，但有时会出现不必要的停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议在练习时注意保持连贯性和一致性，尽量减少不必要的停顿。同时，注意正确发音，以免出现拼写错误。

4.话题发展 回答内容基本上是连贯和组织良好的，但在解释鹭鸟如何说明适应性时，可以更详细地描述鹭鸟如何利用翅膀遮阳。例如，可以提到鹭鸟将翅膀放在头顶形成遮阳伞，从而消除水面的眩光。此外，在描述过程中注意使用恰当的词汇，例如将“knead blade”改为“canopy”或“umbrella”。为了提高话题发展能力，请在练习时关注提供充分的支持和例子，并确保观点之间有明确的联系。

5.语言使用

原文：The passage talks about the concept of adaptation. The passage discusses the concept of exaptation. (原文中的“adaptation”应为“exaptation”，因为文章讨论的是适应性的一种特殊形式。) It means that animals sometimes may use their existing features to serve some new functions as well as on the old functions. This means that animals may sometimes use their existing features for new purposes while still serving their original functions. (修改了句子结构，使其更清晰易懂。) The professor takes the herring heron (拼写错误，应为“heron”而非“herring”。) as an example. The herring heron is a kind of bird that lives in the water. Sometimes they will walk in the shallow water to find some fish for food. However, it is hard to see the fish under the strong sunshine. So the herring heron will use their wings to prevent the problem. Usually, they use wings to fly. However, when the sunshine is strong, they will use wings to block the sun. They will put their wings above their hands heads (应为“heads”而非“hands”，因为鸟类没有手。) and then it will serve as a knead blade canopy (“knead blade”不合适，应使用“canopy”来描述遮阳伞状物。). So then they can see fish better.

修订版（140词）：

The passage discusses the concept of exaptation, which means that animals may sometimes use their existing features for new purposes while still serving their original functions. The professor uses the heron as an example. The heron is a type of bird that lives near water and often walks in shallow water to find fish for food. However, it is difficult to see the fish under the strong sunshine. To solve this problem, the heron uses its wings to block the sun. While wings are typically used for flying, when the sunshine is intense, the heron will put its wings above its head, creating a canopy to block the sunlight. This allows the heron to see the fish more clearly and improves its ability to catch them.

6.思维导图

• Exaptation

  • Definition
  • Original functions

• Heron example

  • Living near water
  • Finding fish for food
  • Difficulty seeing fish

• Wings usage

  • Flying
  • Blocking sunlight
    • Creating canopy

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，回答中的语音清晰，语速基本一致，仅有少量停顿。但在某些地方，标点符号的使用不当可能导致不适当的停顿。拼写错误可能是发音不准确的结果。建议在发音和停顿方面进行练习和改进。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容连贯、组织良好，观点之间关系明确，举例充分。但需要注意的是，回答中将“exaptation”误写为“exploitation”，这是一个需要改正的错误。另外，在描述鹭鸟如何利用翅膀遮阳的过程时，可以更详细地说明其行为特点。总体来说，可以在词汇准确性和细节描述方面进行改进。

5.语言使用

Original: Exploitation Exaptation(原文中将“exaptation”误写为“exploitation”，这是一个需要改正的错误。) means that animals may use their existing features for new purposes, and they will use these features for both older purposes and new purposes. For example, a bird living in a river in Africa, they spend a lot of time walking around shallow water and feed on fish. But here's a problem, they can't see the fish clearly since the reflection caused by sunlight. And then they came up with a cool solution by using their wings. In Europe, their wings were used to fly. But at this time, they found they could use this wing to block the sun. So when they walk on the shallow water, they back to the sun and hold their wings above their head, and this blocks the sunlight to help them see the fish clearly.

Revised (140 words):

Exaptation means that animals may use their existing features for new purposes while still utilizing them for their original functions. For instance, there is a bird species living near rivers in Africa that spends much of its time wading in shallow waters to feed on fish. However, these birds face a challenge as sunlight reflections make it difficult to see the fish clearly. To overcome this issue, they have adapted to use their wings not only for flying but also for blocking sunlight. By positioning their wings above their heads with their backs facing the sun, these birds create shade that eliminates glare on the water's surface, allowing them to see the fish more easily. This example demonstrates how exaptation enables animals to find innovative solutions to environmental challenges by repurposing existing physical features.

6.思维导图

• Exaptation

  • Definition
  • Original and new purposes

• African bird example

  • Wading in shallow waters
  • Sunlight reflection problem
  • Wings adaptation
    • Blocking sunlight
    • Improved visibility for fish

7.关键词