TOEFL TPO 74 Speaking Task 3 Sample: Explain how the example of the heron illustrates exaptation.

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这个回答的发音和语速基本上是清晰和流畅的，但有时会出现不必要的停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议练习更自然地连接句子，减少不必要的停顿。同时注意正确发音，避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本上是连贯和有组织的，但可以进一步完善。建议在解释鹭鸟如何运用翅膀进行适应时，更详细地描述这一过程，以便更好地说明这个例子如何体现了“异化适应”的概念。此外，在提供支持或例证时，尽量确保内容充分且相关。

5.语言使用

原文：Exhortation Exaptation(这里应该是“异化适应”，而不是“敦促”) is a phenomenon while where(这里应该用“where”而不是“while”) wild animals use their body parts designed for an old purpose and use them to cope with a new situation to improve their survival. For example, the bird heron, which eat fishes fish(“fish”在这里作为复数形式更自然) in shallow waters, they are hard to see the fish below the water surface because of the sun glare. So they use their wings, which were initially used to fly, and use the wings as an umbrella to create a shade, which enables them to see the swimming fish more clearly and more easily, so that their rate of survival improved.

修订版（140词）：

Exaptation is a phenomenon where wild animals repurpose their body parts, initially designed for one function, to adapt to new situations and enhance their survival chances. A prime example is the heron, a bird that feeds on fish in shallow waters. Due to sunlight glare on the water surface, it becomes challenging for herons to spot fish swimming beneath. Ingeniously, herons have adapted by using their wings, originally meant for flying, as a makeshift umbrella to create shade. This innovative adaptation allows herons to see fish more clearly and easily, consequently improving their survival rate.

6.思维导图

• Exaptation

  • Phenomenon
  • Repurpose body parts
  • Adapt to new situations
  • Enhance survival chances

• Example: Heron

  • Feeds on fish in shallow waters
  • Sunlight glare on water surface
  • Uses wings as makeshift umbrella
  • Creates shade to see fish clearly
  • Improves survival rate

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数 Estimated Score: 23

3.表达 在表达方面，发言者的语速较为稳定，但有时会出现不必要的停顿。建议发言者注意在适当的地方停顿，以提高语言流利度。此外，发言者需要注意准确发音，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 The speaker's response is coherent and well-organized, with clear connections between ideas. However, there is room for improvement in providing more specific details and examples to better illustrate the concept of exaptation. The speaker should focus on explaining how the heron's use of its wings for a new purpose (blocking the sun) is an example of exaptation, as well as mentioning that it still uses its wings for the original purpose (flying). This would help strengthen the connection between the heron example and the concept of exaptation introduced in the reading passage.

6.语言使用

Original Answer: Well, the reading passage talks about adaptation, Well, the reading passage talks about exaptation, (将"adaptation"改为"exaptation"，因为原文中的概念是“exaptation”而不是“adaptation”) and it means that to respond to challenges in the environment, animals will use its existing features for a new purpose. For example, a bird walks around shallow water in Africa, it is pretty hard to see water since the sun creates reflection. However, they use wings to block the sun instead of flying, therefore, they can clearly see the water. Therefore, the example is related to an adaptation introduced in the reading passage.

Corrected Answer: Well, the reading passage talks about exaptation, and it means that to respond to challenges in the environment, animals will use their existing features for a new purpose. For example, a heron walks around shallow water in Africa, it is quite difficult to see fish since the sun creates reflections on the water surface. However, they use their wings to block the sun instead of just flying, thus enabling them to see fish more clearly. Therefore, this example demonstrates exaptation as introduced in the reading passage.

Revised Answer (140 words): The reading passage introduces the concept of exaptation, which refers to animals using their existing features for a new purpose in response to environmental challenges. A prime example of this is an African heron that wades in shallow waters. Due to sunlight creating reflections on the water surface, it becomes difficult for the heron to spot fish. To overcome this challenge, herons have adapted by using their wings not only for flying but also as a means to block the sun, creating shade and reducing glare. This allows them to see fish more clearly and efficiently. In conclusion, the heron's ability to use its wings for a new purpose, while still retaining their original function, exemplifies the concept of exaptation as discussed in the reading passage.

7.思维导图

Exaptation
├─ Definition
│   └─ Animals using existing features for a new purpose
├─ Example
│   ├─ African heron
│   │   ├─ Wading in shallow waters
│   │   ├─ Difficulty seeing fish due to sunlight reflections
│   │   └─ Uses wings to block the sun and reduce glare
│   └─ Result
│       └─ Improved ability to see fish
└─ Conclusion
    └─ Heron's adaptation exemplifies exaptation concept from reading passage

8.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，回答中的语音清晰，语速基本一致，仅有少量停顿。但在某些地方，标点符号的使用不当可能导致不适当的停顿。拼写错误可能是发音不准确的结果。建议在发音和停顿方面进行练习和改进。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容连贯、组织良好，观点之间关系明确，举例充分。但需要注意的是，回答中将“exaptation”误写为“exploitation”，这是一个需要改正的错误。另外，在描述鹭鸟如何利用翅膀遮阳的过程时，可以更详细地说明其行为特点。总体来说，可以在词汇准确性和细节描述方面进行改进。

5.语言使用

Original: Exploitation Exaptation(原文中将“exaptation”误写为“exploitation”，这是一个需要改正的错误。) means that animals may use their existing features for new purposes, and they will use these features for both older purposes and new purposes. For example, a bird living in a river in Africa, they spend a lot of time walking around shallow water and feed on fish. But here's a problem, they can't see the fish clearly since the reflection caused by sunlight. And then they came up with a cool solution by using their wings. In Europe, their wings were used to fly. But at this time, they found they could use this wing to block the sun. So when they walk on the shallow water, they back to the sun and hold their wings above their head, and this blocks the sunlight to help them see the fish clearly.

Revised (140 words):

Exaptation means that animals may use their existing features for new purposes while still utilizing them for their original functions. For instance, there is a bird species living near rivers in Africa that spends much of its time wading in shallow waters to feed on fish. However, these birds face a challenge as sunlight reflections make it difficult to see the fish clearly. To overcome this issue, they have adapted to use their wings not only for flying but also for blocking sunlight. By positioning their wings above their heads with their backs facing the sun, these birds create shade that eliminates glare on the water's surface, allowing them to see the fish more easily. This example demonstrates how exaptation enables animals to find innovative solutions to environmental challenges by repurposing existing physical features.

6.思维导图

• Exaptation

  • Definition
  • Original and new purposes

• African bird example

  • Wading in shallow waters
  • Sunlight reflection problem
  • Wings adaptation
    • Blocking sunlight
    • Improved visibility for fish

7.关键词