TOEFL TPO 15 Speaking Task 3 Sample: Explain how the example from the professor’s lecture illustrates the experimenter effect.

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，回答者的语言流利度和语速基本一致，但偶尔有停顿。建议回答者在练习口语时注意提高自己的发音准确性，尽量减少不必要的停顿，使表达更加流畅。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答者的回答内容基本上是连贯和有组织的，但在连接观点和提供支持或例子方面还有待加强。建议回答者在练习时注意明确地阐述观点，并给出更多相关的支持或例子，以使回答更加充实和有说服力。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The passage provides a definition of experimental effects, stating that problems occur that leads to the inaccurate results because of the outcoming of experiment and behavior of the experiments are both inaccuracy. The passage defines experimenter effects, stating that problems occur, leading to inaccurate results due to the outcomes of experiments and the behavior of participants being inaccurate. (将句子结构进行了调整，使表达更清晰，同时修正了词汇错误。)

The professor illustrates this with the example of two groups of monkeys and their mission is to put the ball in the box in time. The professor illustrates this with an example involving two groups of monkeys whose task is to put a ball in a box within a certain time frame. (调整了句子结构，使表达更自然。)

One of the groups is in the highly intelligent and another is in the less intelligent, but the truth of the monkeys are both same, and there is no difference between their intelligence, but the research didn't know about that. One group was considered highly intelligent while the other was considered less intelligent; however, in reality, there was no difference in their intelligence levels, but the researcher was unaware of this fact. (调整了句子结构，使表达更清晰。)

And the less intelligent monkey took two hours less time than the highly intelligent one because the less intelligent suffer more encourage and they felt more enthusiastic than the highly intelligent one. The supposedly less intelligent monkeys took two hours less time to complete the task than the supposedly highly intelligent ones because they received more encouragement and felt more enthusiastic. (调整了句子结构，使表达更自然。)

Clearly, it demonstrated the concept of the experimental effect. Clearly, this example demonstrates the concept of the experimenter effect. (修正了词汇错误。)

Revised Answer (140 words): The passage defines experimenter effects, stating that problems occur, leading to inaccurate results due to the outcomes of experiments and the behavior of participants being inaccurate. The professor illustrates this with an example involving two groups of monkeys whose task is to put a ball in a box within a certain time frame. One group was considered highly intelligent while the other was considered less intelligent; however, in reality, there was no difference in their intelligence levels, but the researcher was unaware of this fact. The supposedly less intelligent monkeys took two hours less time to complete the task than the supposedly highly intelligent ones because they received more encouragement and felt more enthusiastic. Clearly, this example demonstrates the concept of the experimenter effect.

6.思维导图

Experimenter Effect
├─ Definition
│   └─ Inaccurate results due to experiment outcomes and participant behavior
├─ Professor's Example
│   ├─ Two groups of monkeys
│   │   ├─ Highly intelligent (supposedly)
│   │   └─ Less intelligent (supposedly)
│   ├─ Task: Put a ball in a box within a time frame
│   └─ Researcher's unawareness of the truth
└─ Result
    └─ Experimenter effect demonstrated by encouragement and enthusiasm affecting task completion time

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 2.5 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数 Estimated Score: 22

3.表达 从发音和语速方面来看，你的回答相对清晰流畅，但有时会出现不必要的停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议你多加练习，注意掌握正确的发音和自然的语调。此外，在实际考试中尽量保持稳定的语速，避免过多的停顿。

4.话题发展 Your response is generally coherent and well-organized, but there are some inaccuracies in the content and a few unclear connections between ideas. To improve your topic development, make sure to accurately summarize the main points from both the reading and listening passages, and provide clear examples to support your explanation. Additionally, pay attention to the proper use of vocabulary and grammar to enhance the clarity of your response.

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The experimentalism is that the researcher's explanation affects the result of the experiment. The experimenter effect occurs when a researcher's expectations influence the outcome of an experiment. (原文中的“experimentalism”应改为“experimenter effect”，并对句子进行相应调整。) In the lecture, the professor took a great example of monkey to illustrate this term. The researcher is given two groups of monkey and they ask him to pick up a boy in the box. The researcher was given two groups of monkeys and was asked to train them to pick up a ball and put it in a box. (原文中的“monkey”应为复数形式“monkeys”，同时修正原文中的错误信息。) And also they record the hours of training. The researcher tells that one group is highly intelligent and the other group is less intelligent. But in truth, they have no big difference between them. And the result is that the so-called intelligent group takes two hours less than the less intelligent group. It's just because that the professor smiled at them and gave them encouragement. And Furman also communicated with them. So actually the professor's behavior affected them.

Revised Answer (140 words):

The experimenter effect occurs when a researcher's expectations influence the outcome of an experiment. In the lecture, the professor provided an example involving monkeys to illustrate this concept. The researcher was given two groups of monkeys and was asked to train them to pick up a ball and put it in a box while recording the hours spent on training. The researcher was informed that one group was highly intelligent, while the other was less intelligent. However, in reality, there was no significant difference between the two groups. The results showed that the supposedly intelligent group took two hours less to complete the task than the less intelligent group. This was because the researcher smiled at them, provided encouragement, and communicated more effectively with the supposedly intelligent group, thus affecting their performance due to his expectations.

6.思维导图

• Experimenter Effect

  • Researcher's expectations
  • Influence on experiment outcome

• Lecture Example

  • Monkeys
    • Two groups
    • Train to pick up a ball and put it in a box
  • Researcher's expectations
    • One group highly intelligent, the other less intelligent
    • No actual difference between groups
  • Results
    • Supposedly intelligent group took less time
    • Researcher's behavior affected performance

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数 Estimated Score: 23

3.表达 从表达方面来看，说话者的语言流利，语速较为稳定，仅有少量停顿。但是，有些地方的标点符号使用不当，可能导致了不恰当的停顿。此外，拼写错误可能是发音不准确的原因。建议说话者在练习时注意提高发音准确性，并适当调整语速和停顿，使表达更加清晰流畅。

4.话题发展 The speaker provided a coherent and well-organized response, with clear connections between ideas and sufficient support or examples from the lecture. However, there is room for improvement in terms of elaborating on the experimenter effect and its impact on the experiment's results. To enhance topic development, the speaker could further explain how the researcher's expectations and behavior influenced the monkeys' performance, leading to inaccurate results. Additionally, it would be helpful to emphasize the importance of eliminating experimenter bias in obtaining accurate experimental outcomes.

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The experimental effect is known as that researchers' expectation affect the result of the experiment. The experimenter effect occurs when a researcher's expectations influence the outcome of an experiment. (将句子结构进行了调整，使其更自然且准确地描述实验者效应。) The professor in the lecture take the example of monkey to illustrate this term. The professor in the lecture uses the example of monkeys to illustrate this concept. (修改了动词时态和名词，使句子更符合语法规则。) The researchers was given two groups of monkey and ask this group of monkey to pick up the ball into the box, and then record the hours of training. The researchers are told that the one group is high intelligent and the other group is less intelligent, but ensures they have no difference between them. And finally, the result is that the so-called intelligent groups of monkey take two hours less than the less intelligent group. It's just because that the researchers smile a lot for them and give them encouragement, and also communicate with them, so it's just because the professor's behavior affect the result.

Revised Answer (140 words):

The experimenter effect occurs when a researcher's expectations influence the outcome of an experiment. In the lecture, the professor uses the example of monkeys to illustrate this concept. The researcher was given two groups of monkeys and asked to train them to pick up a ball and put it in a box while recording their training time. He was told that one group was highly intelligent, while the other was less intelligent, even though there was no actual difference between them. In the end, the supposedly intelligent group of monkeys took two hours less to complete the task than the less intelligent group. This was because the researcher smiled at them more, provided encouragement, and communicated with them more effectively. Thus, it was the researcher's behavior that affected the results, demonstrating the experimenter effect.

6.思维导图

• Experimenter Effect

  • Researcher's expectations
  • Influence on experiment outcome

• Lecture example

  • Monkeys
    • Two groups (highly intelligent, less intelligent)
    • Task: pick up ball, put in box
    • Training time recorded
  • Researcher's behavior
    • Smiling, encouragement, communication
  • Result
    • Supposedly intelligent group took less time
    • Experimenter effect demonstrated

7.关键词

1.Sub Scores Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.Estimated Scores

23. 3.Delivery

The speaker's delivery is generally clear and fluid, but there are some occasional pauses that disrupt the flow. To improve, the speaker should practice speaking more consistently and work on reducing unnecessary pauses. Additionally, focusing on accurate pronunciation will help eliminate any spelling errors that may arise from mispronunciation.

4.Topic Development The response is coherent and well-organized, with clear connections between ideas. However, the speaker could provide more specific details from the lecture to better support their explanation of the experimenter effect. To improve, the speaker should focus on incorporating more examples from the listening passage to further illustrate the concept and strengthen their response.

5.Language Use

The reading passage reading talks about the experimental mental effect experimenter effect. It means when a researcher's expectations could affect the outcome and lead to inaccurate results. For example, there is research an experiment about two groups of monkeys. They were made to pick up the ball and to put up in the box. There are two groups. Actually, the two groups are very similar in intelligence, but the researcher was told the two groups of monkeys are different. One group is highly intelligent and the other group is less intelligent. He expected one group was easy to train.

(I corrected "experimental mental effect" to "experimenter effect" for accuracy, "research" to "an experiment" for clarity, and rephrased some sentences for better flow.)

Revised Answer (140 words):

The reading discusses the experimenter effect, which occurs when a researcher's expectations influence the outcome of an experiment, leading to inaccurate results. In the example provided, an experiment involved two groups of monkeys that were tasked with picking up a ball and placing it in a box. Although both groups had similar intelligence levels, the researcher was falsely informed that one group was highly intelligent while the other was less intelligent. Consequently, the researcher expected that the supposedly smarter group would be easier to train. This expectation affected his behavior during the experiment, as he provided more encouragement and communication to the "intelligent" group than to the other group. As a result, it took less time for him to train the "smart" monkeys compared to their counterparts, illustrating the experimenter effect in action.

6.Mind Map

- Experimenter Effect
  - Researcher's expectations
  - Inaccurate results

- Example
  - Two groups of monkeys
  - False information about intelligence levels
  - Researcher's behavior influenced by expectations
  - Training time difference

- Illustration of Experimenter Effect

7.Key Words

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位考生的回答相对清晰，但在某些地方可能需要稍作改进。考生在发音和语速方面做得不错，但仍有一些不自然的停顿。建议考生在练习口语时注意自然地连接句子，避免不必要的停顿。此外，尽量保持发音准确，以提高整体表达效果。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，考生的回答基本上是连贯和有组织的。他们成功地将阅读材料中的实验效应定义与听力材料中的猴子实验例子结合起来。然而，在解释实验效应时，可以更详细地描述研究者如何影响实验结果。例如，可以强调研究者对两组猴子的态度和行为差异是如何导致实验结果失真的。总之，为了提高话题发展得分，建议考生在回答中提供更多细节和支持论点的例子。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The reading passage gives a definition of experimental effect, The reading passage defines the experimenter effect, (修改为更自然的表达方式) which is a phenomenon that the researcher's expectation affects the outcome of the experiment, because the expectation causes the researcher to act in ways that will influence the behavior of the participant and thus invalidate the results. The lecturer uses the example of an experiment when the researcher trained two groups of monkeys to pick a ball and put it in a basket. The researcher was told that one group was more intelligent than the other, and the experiment results come as the same as the supposedly smarter group uses two less hours to be trained However, the fact is, the two groups of monkeys are similar in intelligence, so the result is invalidated. That's because when he was training, the researcher talked a lot more and encouraged a lot more to the smarter monkeys and tried hard, but he didn't try as hard when he trained the other group of monkeys. So that's the example of experimental effect.

Revised Answer (140 words): The reading passage defines the experimenter effect as a phenomenon where a researcher's expectations affect an experiment's outcome because these expectations influence their actions towards participants, ultimately invalidating results. The lecturer illustrates this concept with an experiment involving two monkey groups trained to pick up a ball and place it in a basket. The researcher was informed that one group was more intelligent than the other, leading to faster training for this supposedly smarter group. However, both groups had similar intelligence levels, rendering results invalid. This occurred because the researcher provided more encouragement and effort when training the "smarter" monkeys compared to their counterparts. This example demonstrates how experimenter effect can impact experimental outcomes.

6.思维导图

- Experimenter Effect
  - Definition
    - Researcher's expectations
    - Influence on participants
    - Invalidating results
  - Lecture Example
    - Monkey Experiment
      - Two groups
      - Intelligence levels
      - Training time difference
    - Researcher's actions
      - Encouragement and effort
      - Impact on results

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这个回答的语言流利度和语速基本一致，偶尔有停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议在练习时注意语音的清晰度和发音准确性。同时，尝试减少不必要的停顿，使表达更加流畅。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本上是连贯和有组织的，观点之间的联系也比较清晰，并且提供了足够的支持和例子。为了进一步提高话题发展能力，可以尝试在回答中加入更多细节和深入分析，以使回答更加充实和有说服力。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The experimental effect occurs when a researcher's expectations will affect the outcome of an experiment. The experimenter effect occurs when a researcher's expectations affect the outcome of an experiment. (将"experimental"改为"experimenter"，更符合原文表述) The professor in the lecture provided an example to demonstrate this concept. In this case, a researcher was given two groups of monkeys and tasked with training them to pick up a ball and put it into the box. The researcher believed that one group of monkeys was highly intelligent while the other group of monkeys was not smart at all. In reality, the monkeys were similarly intelligent, but the researchers were not aware of the fact. Consequently, the researcher spent less time training the supposedly intelligent monkeys and was more enthusiastic with them. For example, they were communicating with them and putting on a smile face. This behavior influenced the outcome of the experiment, illustrating the experimental effect.

Revised Answer (140 words):

The experimenter effect occurs when a researcher's expectations affect the outcome of an experiment. The professor in the lecture provided an example to illustrate this phenomenon. In this instance, a researcher was given two groups of monkeys and assigned to train them to pick up a ball and place it into a box. The researcher believed that one group was highly intelligent, while the other group was less so. In reality, both groups had similar intelligence levels, but the researcher was unaware of this fact. As a result, they spent less time training the supposedly intelligent monkeys and displayed more enthusiasm towards them, such as engaging in communication and smiling at them. This behavior ultimately influenced the experiment's outcome, exemplifying the experimenter effect.

6.思维导图

Experimenter Effect
├─ Researcher's expectations
├─ Outcome of experiment
└─ Example from lecture
   ├─ Two groups of monkeys
   ├─ Researcher's belief in intelligence difference
   ├─ Reality: similar intelligence levels
   ├─ Researcher's behavior
   │  ├─ Less time training "intelligent" monkeys
   │  └─ More enthusiasm towards "intelligent" monkeys
   └─ Influence on experiment's outcome

7.关键词