TOEFL TPO 13 Speaking Task 3 Sample: Explain what is meant by perceptual constancy using the examples provided by the professor.

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Perceptual Constancy How an object affects our senses depends in part on external conditions, and these conditions are always changing. An object viewed from one angle presents a different shape to our eye than when viewed from another angle; similarly, as the distance from which we view an object changes, the object will appear larger or smaller. In spite of this, even as conditions change and we see objects differently, we still recognize that they remain the same. This is what is known as perceptual constancy. If not for perceptual constancy, we might have difficulty recognizing familiar objects if we viewed them in a new and different context.

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Explain what is meant by perceptual constancy using the examples provided by the professor.

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1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

整体来说，回答的表达较为清晰，但在某些地方存在一些不必要的停顿。为了提高发音的准确性，请注意练习正确的发音，并尝试保持连贯和一致的语速。同时，注意在适当的地方暂停，以便更好地表达思想。

4.话题发展回答内容基本上符合题目要求，但可以进一步完善。在解释概念时，可以尝试使用更多的连接词和过渡词，使回答更加连贯。此外，在使用教授提供的例子时，可以尝试更详细地解释这些例子是如何说明知觉恒常性的。这将有助于使回答更加充实和有说服力。

5.语言使用

原文：~~The perceptual constancy means that when we look at an object in different angles or distance they will look different.~~ Perceptual constancy refers to our ability to recognize an object as the same, even when viewed from different angles or distances, causing it to appear different. (将定义更清晰地表达，并使用更自然的语言风格) ~~However, we will recognize it's the same object.~~ Nonetheless, we still identify it as the same object. (使用更自然的表达方式) For example, if we take out a plate in the kitchen, when we look at it directly, it will be a perfect circle. But if we tilt it a little horizontally, it will look flattened and it looks like an oval. But we will know it's the same plate. Another example is that when we are in the front row, the professor looks big. But when we are in the back row, the professor will look relatively small. But we will know it's the same person. It will not change.

修订版（140词）：

Perceptual constancy refers to our ability to recognize an object as the same, even when viewed from different angles or distances, causing it to appear different. Nonetheless, we still identify it as the same object. For instance, consider a plate in the kitchen: when observed directly, it appears as a perfect circle; however, when tilted slightly horizontally, its shape seems flattened and resembles an oval. Despite this change in appearance, we still recognize it as the same plate. Similarly, a professor may appear larger when sitting in the front row of a classroom, but smaller when observed from the back row. Regardless of the change in perceived size, we understand that it is the same person, and their actual size has not changed.

6.思维导图

Perceptual Constancy
- Definition
- Recognition
- Example 1: Plate
  - Direct view
  - Tilted view
- Example 2: Professor
  - Front row
  - Back row

7.关键词

Word	Phonetic Symbols	Parts of Speech	English definitions	Simplified Chinese translations	Sample sentences
Perceptual	/pərˈsɛpʃuəl/	adjective	Relating to the ability to interpret or become aware of something through the senses.	感知的	Perceptual constancy is an essential aspect of our ability to recognize objects in various contexts.
Constancy	/ˈkɒnstənsi/	noun	The quality of being unchanging or unwavering, as in purpose, love, or loyalty; firmness of mind; faithfulness.	恒定性	The constancy of her dedication to the project was impressive.
Recognition	/ˌrɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/	noun	The action or process of recognizing or being recognized, in particular.	辨认	Our brain's recognition abilities allow us to identify familiar objects even when their appearance changes.
Perspective	/pərˈspɛktɪv/	noun	A particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view.	观点，看法	From a different perspective, the problem may not seem as significant.
Discrepancy	/dɪˈskrɛpənsi/	noun	A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts.	差异，不一致	Despite the discrepancy in their appearances, we can still recognize the object as the same due to perceptual constancy.