TOEFL TPO None Speaking Task 3 Sample: Explain how the two examples discussed by the professor illustrate differences in the ways people explain behavior.
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Actor-Observer People account for their own behavior differently from how they account for the behavior of others. When observing the behavior of others, we tend to attribute their actions to their character or their personality rather than to external factors. In contrast, we tend to explain our own behavior in terms of situational factors beyond our own control rather than attributing it to our own character. One explanation for this difference is that people are aware of the situational forces affecting them but not of situational forces affecting other people. Thus, when evaluating someone else’s behavior, we focus on the person rather than the situation.
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Explain how the two examples discussed by the professor illustrate differences in the ways people explain behavior.
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1.子项得分
Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3
2.预估分数
Estimated Score: 23
3.表达
从表达方面来看,这位同学的回答基本上是清晰的,但在某些地方可能需要稍作改进。例如,在解释教授的例子时,可以更清楚地表达出教授的观点。此外,在发音方面也需要注意一些细节,以避免拼写错误。建议多加练习,提高发音准确度和语言流利度。
4.话题发展
从话题发展方面来看,这位同学的回答基本上是连贯和有组织的,但在某些地方可能需要更多的支持或例子。例如,在解释教授的例子时,可以更详细地描述这两个例子之间的差异以及它们如何说明人们解释行为方式的不同。建议在回答中加入更多相关细节和支持论点的例子,以使回答更加完整和有说服力。
5.语言使用Original Answer: To begin my statement, I have to say that there are two main different kinds how you evaluate other people or your own. To start, I must mention that there are two main ways to evaluate others and ourselves. (修改了句子结构,使其更自然) If you evaluate other people, you look just first on the personality or something to connect with the character. When evaluating others, we initially focus on their personality or traits related to their character. (修改了句子结构和词汇,使其更清晰) If you look at yourself, you see more the surrounding or the situation than you are and don't see the flaws or problems for yourself or what you do by yourself. When evaluating ourselves, we tend to focus more on the situation and surroundings rather than our own flaws or actions. (修改了句子结构和词汇,使其更清晰) And the professor has two examples to illustrate this difference is how people explain behavior. First, he was in line and a person jumped before him. He did line jumping and he was very annoyed about this fact because he thought this person is rude or selfish. But just a couple of days later, he was in a hurry and had an important meeting or only a meeting and then he did the same and he just explained his behavior due to the fact that he had no time at an important meeting and so he thought it was nothing wrong.
Revised Answer (140 words):
To start, I must mention that there are two main ways to evaluate others and ourselves. When evaluating others, we initially focus on their personality or traits related to their character. When evaluating ourselves, we tend to focus more on the situation and surroundings rather than our own flaws or actions. The professor provided two examples to illustrate this difference in how people explain behavior. In the first example, he was in line when someone cut in front of him. He became annoyed, assuming the person was rude or selfish. However, a few days later, he found himself in a similar situation where he was in a hurry for an important meeting and cut in line as well. In this case, he justified his actions by attributing them to the urgency of the situation, believing he had done nothing wrong.
6.思维导图
- Evaluating others and ourselves
- Focus on personality and character traits
- Focus on situational factors
- Professor's examples
- Line-cutting incident
- Annoyed, assumed rudeness or selfishness
- Similar situation, in a hurry for a meeting
- Justified actions, urgency of the situation
7.关键词
| Word | Phonetic Symbols | Parts of Speech | English definitions | Simplified Chinese translations | Sample sentences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluate | /ɪˈvæl.ju.eɪt/ | Verb | To judge or calculate the quality | 评估 | In order to evaluate someone's behavior, we must consider both their personality and the situation. |
| Attribute | /əˈtrɪb.juːt/ | Verb | To explain something by indicating a cause | 归因于 | People often attribute their own actions to situational factors, while attributing others' actions to their character. |
| Justify | /ˈdʒʌs.tɪ.faɪ/ | Verb | To show that something is right or reasonable | 辩解,证明...有理 | He tried to justify his behavior by explaining that he was in a hurry for an important meeting. |
| Assumption | /əˈsʌmp.ʃən/ | Noun | A belief or idea without proof | 假设 | Making assumptions about someone's character based on their actions can lead to misunderstandings. |
| Circumstance | /ˈsɝː.kəm.stæns/ | Noun | A fact or condition connected with an event | 情况,环境 | It is important to consider the circumstances surrounding a person's actions before making judgments. |
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