TOEFL TPO 25 Speaking Task 3 Sample: Using the example of the telephone, explain the concept of cultural lag.

1. Sub Scores Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2. Estimated Scores Estimated Score: 23

3. Delivery The speaker's delivery is mostly clear and fluid, but there are occasional pauses and some minor inaccuracies in pronunciation. To improve, the speaker should practice speaking at a consistent pace and work on reducing pauses. Additionally, focusing on correct pronunciation will help eliminate any confusion caused by mispronounced words.

4. Topic Development The response is coherent and well-organized, but there is room for improvement in providing more specific examples and support for the concept of cultural lag. The speaker should focus on clearly connecting the example of the telephone to the concept of cultural lag and provide more details about how people's attitudes changed over time. This will help create a stronger, more developed response.

5. Language Use

Original: Well, the reading passage talks about the cultural lag, and it means that when a new technology emerges, people may struggle for time to adapt to it. For example, when the telephone was invented, only businessmen used them, and they thought beneficial from it. For the older people, they didn't think it to be beneficial, and they rarely missed the meetings in person. After a long time, it took 13 years for people to use the telephones. Most of them now rely on the telephone to communicate with each other, and no one would think it's rude to make a telephone call.

Corrected: Well, the reading passage talks about thecultural lag, and it means that when a new technology emerges, people may struggle for timeto adapt to it(change "for time" to "to adapt to it" for clarity). For example, when the telephone was invented, only businessmenbusinesses(change "businessmen" to "businesses" for accuracy) used them, and they thought beneficial from itfound them beneficial(rephrase for clarity). For the older people,others,(change "the older people" to "others" for inclusivity) they didn't think it to be telephones were beneficial, and they rarely missed the meetings in person. After a long time, it took 13thirty(correct number based on listening passage) years for people to use the telephones. Most of them now rely on the telephone to communicate with each other, and no one would think it's rude to make a telephone call.

Revised (140 words): The reading passage discusses cultural lag, which occurs when people struggle to adapt to new technology. For instance, when the telephone was invented, only businesses utilized them, finding them beneficial for their operations. However, others did not perceive telephones as advantageous and preferred face-to-face meetings. It took thirty years for the general public to embrace telephones as a primary means of communication. Eventually, people no longer considered it impolite to make phone calls, as they became an integral part of daily life. This example demonstrates how cultural lag affects society's initial response to new technology before ultimately adapting and incorporating it into everyday routines.

6. Mind Map

Cultural Lag
├── Definition
│   └── Struggle to adapt to new technology
├── Example
│   ├── Telephone invention
│   │   ├── Initially used by businesses
│   │   ├── Others found it impersonal and rude
│   │   └── Took thirty years for widespread adoption
└── Conclusion
    └── Cultural lag affects society's response to new technology before eventual adaptation

7. Key Words

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这个回答的语速较为稳定，但偶尔有些停顿。建议在练习时注意保持语速的连贯性，并尽量减少不必要的停顿。此外，注意发音的准确性，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，这个回答基本上阐述了文化滞后的概念，并用电话的例子进行了解释。但是，在组织结构和连接思路方面还有待提高。建议在练习时注意将观点和例子更紧密地联系在一起，并尝试使用更多的过渡词汇来使回答更加流畅和有条理。

5.语言使用

Original: Cultural lag means time people need to adapt to the new technology. And in the professor's example, he says that telephone is a faster and more convenient way to communicate with each other. However, after telephone emerged, only businesses used it because it could benefit them. And most people during that period thought it should not be used for personal communication because, in their opinion, they were more likely to visit others in person instead of communicating by telephone. Consequently, as we all know, after 30 years, everyone tended to depend on telephone because no one thinks it would be rude to communicate by phone, even if it is convenient.

Corrected: Cultural lag refers to the time people need to adapt to new technology. In the professor's example, he mentions that the telephone is a faster and more convenient way to communicate with each other. However, after the telephone emerged, only businesses used it because it could benefit them. Most people during that period thought it should not be used for personal communication because, in their opinion, they were more likely to visit others in person instead of communicating by telephone. Consequently, as we all know, after 30 years, everyone began to depend on the telephone because no one thought it would be rude to communicate by phone, even if it is convenient.

(原文中的“means”改为“refers to the”，使表达更自然。在“new technology”前加上“new”，使句子更通顺。在“example”后加上逗号，使句子结构更清晰。将“says”改为“mentions”，使语言更自然。在“telephone”前加上定冠词“the”，使句子更通顺。在“because”前加上逗号，使句子结构更清晰。在“Consequently”后加上逗号，使句子结构更清晰。将“tended to”改为“began to”，使语言更自然。将“thinks”改为“thought”，使时态一致。)

Revised (140 words): Cultural lag refers to the time people need to adapt to new technology. In the professor's example, he mentions that the telephone is a faster and more convenient way to communicate with each other. However, after the telephone emerged, only businesses used it because it could benefit them. Most people during that period thought it should not be used for personal communication because, in their opinion, they were more likely to visit others in person instead of communicating by telephone. Consequently, as we all know, after 30 years, everyone began to depend on the telephone because no one thought it would be rude to communicate by phone, even if it is convenient. This example illustrates the concept of cultural lag, showing how society gradually adapted to the telephone and incorporated it into their daily lives, overcoming initial resistance and negative attitudes.

6.思维导图

• Cultural lag
  • Definition
  • Professor's example
    • Telephone
      • Faster and more convenient communication
      • Initial resistance
        • Only businesses used it
        • Personal communication concerns
      • Adaptation
        • 30 years
        • Change in attitudes
        • Dependence on telephone

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位考生的回答相对清晰，语速适中，但偶尔有些停顿。为了提高发音的准确性，建议考生多加练习，尤其是在发音和语调方面。此外，注意在适当的地方停顿，以增强语言的连贯性。

4.话题发展 从话题发展的角度来看，考生的回答基本上解释了文化滞后的概念，并用电话的例子进行了说明。然而，回答中有些地方可以更加详细和清晰。例如，在解释为什么人们开始接受电话时，可以提到讲座中提到的一些礼貌规则的变化。此外，可以更明确地指出文化滞后是指人们逐渐适应并接受新技术所需的时间。总之，为了使回答更具说服力和深度，请在练习中关注这些方面。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: Well, telephone is popular nowadays, but it is not the case when it is first invented. Nowadays, the telephone is popular, but that was not the case when it was first invented.（将句子结构调整为更自然的表达方式）
You know, when telephone was first invented, only business companies adopted this technique for their productive purpose. As you know, when the telephone was first invented, only businesses adopted this technology for their productivity purposes.（使用更准确的词汇和语法结构）
In contrast, people just receive using telephone because they are more likely to communicate with people face to face. In contrast, people were hesitant to use telephones because they preferred face-to-face communication.（使用更自然的表达方式和词汇）
They like to see each other and they like the sense of connection. They enjoyed seeing each other and appreciated the sense of connection.（使用更准确的时态和表达方式）
Also, communicating through telephone is considered rude because you can just simply go out and see your friends. Also, communicating through the telephone was considered rude since people could simply go out and visit their friends in person.（调整句子结构以使其更自然）
Then, after 30 years later, phones became accepted and people talk to their friends on phones. Then, after 30 years, phones became widely accepted, and people started talking to their friends on the phone.（使用更准确的时态和表达方式）

Revised Answer (140 words): Nowadays, the telephone is popular, but that was not the case when it was first invented. As you know, when the telephone was first invented, only businesses adopted this technology for their productivity purposes. In contrast, people were hesitant to use telephones because they preferred face-to-face communication. They enjoyed seeing each other and appreciated the sense of connection. Also, communicating through the telephone was considered rude since people could simply go out and visit their friends in person. However, as time passed and society adapted to this new technology, attitudes towards the telephone changed. After 30 years, phones became widely accepted, and people started talking to their friends on the phone. This example of the telephone illustrates the concept of cultural lag, which refers to the time it takes for society to adapt to technological changes.

6.思维导图

Cultural Lag
├─ Telephone
│   ├─ Invention
│   ├─ Initial use
│   │   └─ Businesses
│   ├─ Public hesitance
│   │   ├─ Face-to-face communication preference
│   │   └─ Rude perception
│   └─ Gradual acceptance
│       └─ 30 years later
└─ Adaptation to technological changes

7.关键词

1.Sub Scores Delivery: 2 Language Use: 2 Topic Development: 3

2.Estimated Scores Total Score: 19

3.Delivery The speaker's delivery could be improved by focusing on clearer and more fluid speech. The pace of the speech should be consistent, with only occasional pauses. Inappropriate pauses can lead to punctuation problems, and inaccurate pronunciation may cause spelling errors. To improve, the speaker should practice speaking more naturally and confidently.

4.Topic Development The response demonstrates a good understanding of the concept of cultural lag using the example of the telephone. However, the speaker could improve by providing a more coherent and well-organized response. Clear connections between ideas and sufficient support or examples should be included to strengthen the response. To improve, the speaker should focus on organizing their thoughts and providing clear examples to support their points.

5.Language Use

The transition period when people are adjusting to technology technological change is called cultural lag. The telephone is only used among businessmen businesses in 19th century the 19th century and it prevents was prevented from the public for personal communication as people would like to see the other one instead of only hearing and without personal connection and therefore people are not accommodated to this technique but as time goes by they change their attitude and incorporate this technology in their life. It depends on cell phone to call their friends usually for phone or and have a chat and they didn't consider it rude to make a phone call in at night even.

("technology" changed to "technological" for proper adjective use; "businessmen" changed to "businesses" for inclusivity; "19th century" changed to "the 19th century" for proper phrasing; "prevents" changed to "was prevented" for correct tense; added commas for clarity.)

Revised Answer (140 words):

Cultural lag refers to the transition period when people are adjusting to technological changes. In the 19th century, the telephone was primarily used by businesses, as many individuals preferred face-to-face communication over hearing someone's voice without seeing them. This preference led to a reluctance in adopting the new technology for personal use. However, as time passed, people's attitudes shifted, and they began incorporating telephones into their daily lives. They started relying on phones to call friends and engage in casual conversations. Eventually, making personal phone calls became widely accepted, and people no longer considered it rude, even when calling at night. This example of the telephone's adoption demonstrates the concept of cultural lag, where society takes time to adjust to new technologies before fully embracing them.

6.Mind Map

Cultural Lag
├── Definition
│   └── Transition period for adjusting to technological changes
├── Example
│   ├── Telephone in the 19th century
│   │   ├── Used primarily by businesses
│   │   ├── Reluctance for personal use
│   │   └── Preference for face-to-face communication
│   └── Attitude shift over time
│       ├── Incorporation into daily lives
│       ├── Casual conversations with friends
│       └── Acceptance of personal phone calls, even at night
└── Conclusion
    └── Demonstrates the concept of cultural lag in society's adjustment to new technologies

7.Key Words

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位同学的回答基本上是清晰的，但在某些地方可能需要稍微改进。例如，可以尝试减少不必要的停顿，并注意正确发音。此外，注意保持语速一致，以便听众更容易理解。建议多加练习，提高口语表达能力。

4.话题发展 从话题发展的角度来看，这位同学的回答基本上是连贯和有组织的。他成功地使用了电话的例子来解释文化滞后的概念。然而，在回答中可以加入更多细节和例子来支持观点。例如，在描述公众对电话的态度转变时，可以提供更多具体的信息。此外，尝试使用更多连接词来使回答更加流畅。总之，通过加强细节和组织性，可以使回答更加完整和有说服力。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The passage provides a definition on culture lag, stating that it is the period of transition of new technology and people are adjusting to new technology changes. The passage defines cultural lag as the period of transition when people are adjusting to technological changes. (将句子结构进行了简化，使其更自然流畅。) The professor illustrates this one example of invention of telephone. The professor illustrates this concept with the example of the invention of the telephone. (改进了句子结构和词汇的使用。) Firstly, the telephone was invented in the 19th century but was only used by the businessmen. Initially, the telephone, invented in the 19th century, was only used by businessmen. (调整了句子结构，使其更清晰。) The public thinks that it should not be used in person because it is rude to communicate with others without face-to-face and do not see them and just hear other sounds and make less personal communication between people. The public believed that it was impolite to use telephones for personal communication because it lacked face-to-face interaction and made communication less personal. (简化了句子，使其更易于理解。) But 30 years later, most families have their own phones and it is really common to use cell phones, bio phones in person. However, 30 years later, most families had their own phones, and using telephones for personal communication became common. (改进了句子结构和词汇的使用。) It is really more and more normal. This practice became increasingly normal over time. (简化了句子，使其更自然流畅。) This clearly demonstrates the concept of culture lag. This example clearly demonstrates the concept of cultural lag. (修正了语法错误。)

Revised Answer (140 words): The passage defines cultural lag as the period of transition when people are adjusting to technological changes. The professor illustrates this concept with the example of the invention of the telephone. Initially, the telephone, invented in the 19th century, was only used by businessmen. The public believed that it was impolite to use telephones for personal communication because it lacked face-to-face interaction and made communication less personal. However, 30 years later, most families had their own phones, and using telephones for personal communication became common. This practice became increasingly normal over time. This example clearly demonstrates the concept of cultural lag.

6.思维导图

• Cultural Lag
  • Definition
    • Period of transition
    • Adjusting to technological changes
  • Example
    • Invention of the telephone
      • Initial use by businessmen
      • Public's negative attitude
        • Impolite for personal communication
        • Lack of face-to-face interaction
      • Change over time
        • 30 years later
        • Most families had phones
        • Personal communication became common
        • Increasingly normal practice

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，整体上说得比较清楚，但有时会有一些不必要的停顿。为了提高发音的准确性，建议在练习时注意正确的发音和语调，并尝试保持一致的语速。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本上是连贯和组织良好的。但是，可以尝试在解释文化滞后概念时提供更多关于电话如何逐渐被接受和改变人们观念的详细信息。此外，可以加强对阅读和听力材料之间联系的说明，以使回答更加完整。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: In the reading passage, there is a definition of cultural lag. It is people adjust to technology change. The reading passage defines cultural lag as the period when people adjust to technological changes. (在原文中，文化滞后的定义表述不够准确，已修改为更自然的表达方式。) In the listening, the professor pointed out an example about the invention of telephone. In the listening, the professor provides an example of the invention of the telephone. (将“指出”改为“提供”，使句子更自然。) At first, the telephone was used by the business and a lot of people think they shouldn't use a telephone because it is rude to talk on the phone. Initially, telephones were used by businesses, and many people believed they shouldn't use them for personal communication as it was considered rude. (对句子结构进行了调整，使其更清晰。) They think they should meet people in person. They thought it was better to meet people in person. (将“认为”改为过去时态，并使表达更自然。) Gradually, it obviously changed. Gradually, this perception changed. (对句子进行了简化，使其更明确。) Most people depend on the telephone and they have a telephone in their home. Most people came to rely on telephones and had them installed in their homes. (对句子进行了调整，使其更清晰。) Then they agree with the telephone and no one thinks it is rude when they talk on the telephone. Eventually, people accepted the telephone, and it was no longer considered rude to talk on it. (对句子进行了调整，使其更自然。)

Revised Answer (140 words):

The reading passage defines cultural lag as the period when people adjust to technological changes. In the listening, the professor provides an example of the invention of the telephone. Initially, telephones were used by businesses, and many people believed they shouldn't use them for personal communication as it was considered rude. They thought it was better to meet people in person. Gradually, this perception changed. Most people came to rely on telephones and had them installed in their homes. Eventually, people accepted the telephone, and it was no longer considered rude to talk on it. This example demonstrates how cultural lag occurs when new technology is introduced, and how society's attitudes towards it change over time until it becomes an integral part of daily life.

6.思维导图

Cultural Lag
├─ Reading Passage
│   └─ Definition
├─ Listening
│   └─ Telephone Example
│       ├─ Initial Use (Businesses)
│       ├─ Public Perception (Rude)
│       ├─ Preference for In-person Meetings
│       ├─ Gradual Change in Perception
│       ├─ Widespread Acceptance
│       └─ No Longer Considered Rude
└─ Conclusion
    └─ Cultural Lag Illustrated by Telephone Example

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位考生的发音和语速基本上是清晰和流畅的，但偶尔还是有些停顿。建议考生在练习口语时，注意保持连贯性和自然的语速，尽量减少不必要的停顿。同时，也要注意正确的发音，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，考生的回答基本上是连贯和有组织的，能够清楚地阐述观点，并提供了足够的支持和例子。但在解释文化滞后概念时，可以更加深入地分析电话在当时社会中的影响以及人们对其态度的转变。建议考生在练习时，尝试更加深入地探讨话题，并提供更多相关细节来支持观点。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: Well, the professor talks about a new notion called culture lag, which is a period of transition, when people need to adjust to technological change. And for example, when telephone was first invented, only businesses use them, because it can help them be more productive. However, the public didn't like the idea, because they like to talk to people with seeing their faces, and they missed the connection. But as time goes by, everyone kind of depend on the telephone, and no one even think it's to make a personal call. So therefore, telephone is a great example for culture lag.

Corrected Answer: Well, the professor discusses a concept called cultural lag, which is a period of transition when people need to adapt to technological changes. For instance, when the telephone was first invented, only businesses used them because they could help them become more productive. However, the public didn't like the idea because they preferred talking to people while seeing their faces and missed the personal connection. But as time went by, everyone gradually depended on the telephone, and no one thought it was inappropriate to make personal calls anymore. Therefore, the telephone is an excellent example of cultural lag. (将"new notion"改为"concept"，将"culture lag"改为"cultural lag"，将"telephone was first invented"改为"the telephone was first invented"，将"use them"改为"used them"，将"it can help them be more productive"改为"they could help them become more productive"，将"they like to talk to people with seeing their faces"改为"they preferred talking to people while seeing their faces"，将 "everyone kind of depend on the telephone" 改为 "everyone gradually depended on the telephone"，将"no one even think it's to make a personal call"改为"no one thought it was inappropriate to make personal calls anymore"，将"telephone is a great example for culture lag"改为"the telephone is an excellent example of cultural lag")

Revised Answer (140 words): The professor discusses the concept of cultural lag, which refers to a period of transition when people need to adapt to technological changes. For instance, when the telephone was first invented, only businesses used them because they could help them become more productive. However, the public didn't initially embrace the idea because they preferred talking to people while seeing their faces and missed the personal connection. As time went by, people gradually adapted to using telephones and started depending on them for communication. Eventually, making personal calls became widely accepted, and no one considered it inappropriate anymore. This shift in attitude and adaptation to the new technology demonstrates the concept of cultural lag. Therefore, the telephone serves as an excellent example of how society experiences cultural lag before fully integrating new technologies into daily life.

6.思维导图

• Cultural Lag

  • Period of transition
  • Adaptation to technological changes

• Telephone example

  • Initial resistance
    • Public preference for face-to-face communication
  • Gradual acceptance
    • Dependence on telephone for communication
    • Shift in attitude and etiquette

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这个回答的发音和语速基本上是清晰和流畅的，但偶尔有些停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议在练习时注意掌握适当的停顿和语速，以及准确的发音。同时，可以多参加一些口语练习活动，提高自己的口头表达能力。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，这个回答基本上是连贯和有组织的，但在某些地方可以更加明确地表达观点。为了提高话题发展能力，建议在准备时多思考如何将观点和例子更清晰地联系起来，并在实际回答中注意使用恰当的连接词和过渡词。同时，可以多做一些类似的练习题，以便更好地掌握托福口语考试中的话题发展技巧。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: Cultural lag is defined as the period of transition when people are adjusting to technological change. In listening, the professor uses telephone as an example. Telephone is a revolutionary device and makes the communication faster. However, when first applied to use, it was only used by the business because they realized its importance. However, the general public didn't aware of this, finding that it is rude and they don't accustomed to listen to the voice without meeting someone. However, after 30 years ago, as later, they changed their mind. Almost everyone has a telephone and they accustomed to talk to someone without seeing them and they make more chat for the night. And most important, they don't think it is rude to talk with someone in telephone anymore.

Corrected Answer: Cultural lag is defined as the period of transition when people are adjusting to technological change. In listeningthe lecture, the professor uses telephonethe telephone as an example. TelephoneThe telephone is a revolutionary device and makes communication faster. However, when first applied to useintroduced, it was only used by the businessbusinesses because they realized its importance. However,Yet, the general public didn't aware of thiswasn't aware of its potential, finding that it was rude and they don'tweren't accustomed to listenlistening to the voice without meeting someone. However,Eventually, after 30 years, they changed their mind. Almost everyone has a telephone and they accustomed tobecame accustomed to talking to someone without seeing them and they make more chat for the nightengaged in more conversations at night. And most importantly, they don't think it is rude to talk with someone inon the telephone anymore.

(在这里，我们将“listening”改为“the lecture”，以使句子更自然。我们还将“telephone”改为“the telephone”，使其更符合英语习惯。此外，我们还将“applied to use”改为“introduced”，使句子更流畅。我们还将“the business”改为“businesses”，以表示复数。同时，我们将“didn't aware of this”改为“wasn't aware of its potential”，使句子更准确。我们还将“don't”改为“weren't”，以保持时态的一致性。最后，我们将“make more chat for the night”改为“engaged in more conversations at night”，使句子更自然。)

Revised Answer (140 words): Cultural lag is defined as the period of transition when people are adjusting to technological change. In the lecture, the professor uses the telephone as an example. The telephone is a revolutionary device that makes communication faster. However, when first introduced, it was only used by businesses because they realized its importance. Yet, the general public wasn't aware of its potential, finding that it was rude and they weren't accustomed to listening to a voice without meeting someone. Eventually, after 30 years, people changed their minds. Almost everyone had a telephone and became accustomed to talking to someone without seeing them. They engaged in more conversations at night and established rules of politeness for phone calls. Most importantly, they no longer considered it rude to talk with someone on the telephone.

6.思维导图

Cultural Lag
├─ Definition
│   └─ Period of transition
├─ Example
│   ├─ Telephone
│   │   ├─ Revolutionary device
│   │   ├─ Faster communication
│   │   └─ Initial resistance
│   └─ Public attitude change
│       ├─ 30 years
│       ├─ Adaptation to new technology
│       └─ No longer considered rude

7.关键词

1.子项得分

Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，回答基本清晰，但部分句子的表述略显生硬。建议在练习时注意提高语言的流利度和连贯性，适当减少停顿。此外，注意发音准确性，以免出现拼写错误。

4.话题发展

从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本符合要求，但在组织结构上还有待加强。建议在练习时注意逻辑性和条理性，确保回答内容紧密围绕主题展开，并提供充分的支持和例证。同时，在描述例子时尽量详细一些，以便更好地阐述文化滞后现象。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The professor introduced a concept of cultural life. The professor introduced the concept of cultural lag. (将 "cultural life" 改为 "cultural lag"，因为这是正确的术语。) It means that when new technology emerges, people struggle for time to aid this period of the transition, It refers to the period when people struggle to adapt to new technology during the transition, (修改句子结构，使其更清晰。) and then when people are adjusting to technology change. And in the professor's example, at the beginning of time, only business people prefer to use telephones because they could get some benefits from it. However, most of the public people didn't like use it. They thought it was very rude behavior instead of meeting people. However, people changed their mind. After that, almost all the people's homes had some phones, and people preferred to use phones to talk with other people normally. And then they never thought that it was rude behavior, and people preferred to call others use it.

Revised Answer (140 words):

The professor introduced the concept of cultural lag, which refers to the period when people struggle to adapt to new technology during the transition. In the professor's example, initially, only businesses used telephones because they recognized the benefits it could provide. However, most individuals in the general public were hesitant to use telephones for personal communication, considering it rude compared to meeting in person. Over time, attitudes towards telephone usage changed, and eventually, telephones became a common household item. People began using phones for casual conversations with friends and family without considering it impolite. As society adapted to this new technology, the cultural lag diminished, and telephone usage became an integral part of daily life.

6.思维导图

• Cultural Lag

  • Struggle to adapt
  • Period of transition

• Telephone Example

  • Initial resistance
    • Businesses use
    • Public hesitation
  • Attitude change
    • Common household item
    • Casual conversations
  • Cultural lag diminished

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位同学的回答基本上是清晰的，但在某些地方可能需要稍作调整。例如，“culture like”应该是“cultural lag”，“call other names in the telephone”应该是“call others on the telephone”。建议同学在发音和用词方面多加练习，以提高口语表达的准确性。

4.话题发展 从话题发展的角度来看，这位同学的回答基本上是符合要求的。他成功地使用了电话的例子来解释文化滞后现象，并提到了人们对新技术的适应过程。然而，回答中有些地方可以进一步完善。例如，在描述人们对电话态度转变的过程时，可以更详细地说明这种转变是如何发生的，以及社会规范如何随之改变。建议同学在组织回答时尽量做到条理清晰、逻辑严密，并充分利用听力材料中的信息来支持自己的观点。

5.语言使用

Original: In the reading passage, it introduces the concept of the culture like cultural lag(文化滞后) it's the period that people need to adjust the new technological changes. The professor gives the telephone as an example to illustrate this point. At first, only the businessmen will use the telephone to communicate with others because it will promote the production of their company. And at that time, people think it's rude to call other names in the telephone instead of visiting their friends' home. And after 30 years, the telephone becomes a central part of our daily life. Everyone needs to depend on the telephone. And we can talk with each other by this telephone and we don't think it's rude to call other names in the telephone.

Corrected: In the reading passage, it introduces the concept of culture like cultural lag(文化滞后), which is the period when people need to adjust to new technological changes. The professor uses the telephone as an example to illustrate this point. At first, only businessmen used the telephone to communicate with others because it would promote their company's productivity. At that time, people thought it was rude to call other names in call others on(给别人打电话) the telephone instead of visiting their friends' homes. However, after 30 years, the telephone became an essential part of daily life. Everyone came to rely on telephones for communication, and talking with each other on the phone was no longer considered rude.

Revised (140 words): The reading passage introduces the concept of cultural lag, which is a period when people need to adjust to new technological changes. The professor uses the telephone as an example to illustrate this phenomenon. Initially, only businessmen used the telephone for communication, as it enhanced their company's productivity. At that time, people believed it was impolite to call others on the phone rather than visiting their friends' homes in person. However, after three decades, the telephone became an indispensable part of daily life. Everyone started relying on telephones for communication, and talking with each other on the phone was no longer deemed rude. This example demonstrates how society gradually adapted to the new technology and overcame the initial cultural lag, eventually incorporating telephones into everyday life.

6.思维导图

• Cultural Lag

  • Definition
  • Adjustment period

• Telephone Example

  • Initial use by businessmen
  • Public's attitude
    • Rude to call instead of visiting
  • Attitude change
    • 30 years later
    • Essential part of daily life

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，回答的语言流利度和语速基本一致，仅有少量停顿。但在发音方面，有些单词发音不准确，导致拼写错误。建议在发音方面加强练习，提高准确度。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本上是连贯和组织良好的，观点之间的联系清晰，举例也足够支持观点。但可以尝试更深入地阐述文化滞后现象与电话的关系，以及人们逐渐接受电话的过程。建议在练习中尝试更多地展开论述，使回答更加充实。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The reading passage introduces a concept of cultural lag, which means people will have a period of adjusting to technological change. They will find it bad at first time and then they will find it beneficial in the end. And the professor uses an example to illustrate this term. When at 19th century, telephone was invented and is an easy way to connect people. And at that time, only at the start, only businessmen use it because they know how they can improve their productivity. But the general public don't like them because they want more facial connection with people and they think it is rude. They prefer to personal visiting. However, after 30 years, people change and everyone become to depend on telephones. And they think it is not rude anymore.

Corrected Answer: The reading passage introduces the concept of cultural lag, which refers to a period of adjustment to technological changes. Initially, people may perceive these changes negatively but eventually find them beneficial. The professor uses the example of the telephone to illustrate this concept. In the 19th century, when the telephone was invented as an efficient means of communication, only businesses used it initially, recognizing its potential for improving productivity. However, the general public disliked it due to their preference for face-to-face interactions and considering it rude compared to personal visits. Nevertheless, after 30 years, people's attitudes changed, and everyone began depending on telephones without considering them impolite anymore. (将原文中的一些表达进行了修改，使其更加自然和准确。例如，将“find it bad”改为“perceive these changes negatively”，将“facial connection”改为“face-to-face interactions”。同时，对语法和句子结构进行了调整，使回答更加流畅。)

Revised Answer (140 words): The reading passage introduces the concept of cultural lag, referring to a period of adjustment to technological changes. People may initially perceive these changes negatively but eventually find them beneficial. The professor illustrates this concept using the telephone as an example. In the 19th century, when the telephone was invented as an efficient means of communication, only businesses used it initially, recognizing its potential for improving productivity. The general public, however, disliked it due to their preference for face-to-face interactions and considering it rude compared to personal visits. Over time, people's attitudes changed, and they began embracing the telephone as an essential tool for communication. After 30 years, everyone depended on telephones without considering them impolite anymore, demonstrating how society adapted to this technological innovation and overcame the initial cultural lag.

6.思维导图

• Cultural Lag

  • Adjustment period
  • Negative perception
  • Beneficial outcome

• Telephone example

  • 19th century invention
  • Initial business use
  • Public resistance
    • Face-to-face preference
    • Rude perception
  • Attitude change
    • Dependence on telephones
    • No longer impolite

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，发言者的语言流利度和语速基本一致，偶尔有停顿。但在某些地方，标点符号的使用不当导致了不恰当的停顿。此外，发言者在发音方面也存在一些不准确之处。建议发言者多加练习，提高口语表达能力和发音准确度。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，发言者对文化滞后的概念进行了解释，并用电话的例子进行了阐述。整体上，回答内容连贯、组织有序，但在支持和举例方面还有待加强。建议发言者在解释概念时更加深入地分析，并尝试提供更多相关的例子来支持观点。

5.语言使用

Original: Cultural lacklag (改为lag，因为原文中的词是cultural lag，表示文化滞后) means that people have to adjust to the technology change. They may first have a negative attitude towards it. And over the time, their attitude will change and they will incorporate this new technology into their daily life. For example, the invention of the telephone was in the 19th century. At first, only business usees used (改为es used，使动词与主语一致) telephone because they are benefited by the telephone. They make more profit. However, most people don't use telephone for personal connection because they consider it as very rude. However, people gradually change their attitude after about 30 years and no one will consider it rude for calling people at night for personal connection.

Revised (140 words): Cultural lag refers to the period when people need to adjust to technological changes, initially having a negative attitude towards them before eventually incorporating them into their daily lives. The invention of the telephone in the 19th century serves as an example of this phenomenon. Initially, only businesses utilized telephones as they recognized the benefits and increased profits it brought them. However, most individuals refrained from using telephones for personal communication, deeming it impolite. Over time, approximately 30 years later, people's attitudes shifted, and telephones became widely accepted for personal use. The general public no longer considered it rude to make phone calls during appropriate hours, demonstrating how society adapted to this technological advancement and overcame the cultural lag.

6.思维导图

• Cultural lag

  • Adjust to technological changes
  • Negative attitude
  • Incorporate into daily lives

• Example: Telephone

  • 19th century invention
  • Initially used by businesses
  • Personal use considered rude
  • Attitude shift over 30 years
  • Accepted for personal communication

7.关键词