TOEFL TPO -1 Writing Task 1 Sample: Write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using the information from the reading passage and lecture.

1.子项得分 任务完成度：3 组织：3 连贯与衔接：3 语言使用：3

2.预估分数

20. 3.任务完成度

从任务完成度的角度来看，文章没有很好地回答问题。文章应该讨论阅读材料和听力材料之间的关系，但是你的文章只是重复了听力部分的内容。为了提高任务完成度，你需要在文章中明确指出阅读和听力材料之间的关系，以及它们在观点上的不同之处。

示例1： 改进前：The theory that humpback whales use the stars to navigate the open seas is a fascinating one. But the evidence supporting the theory is not very convincing. 改进后：The reading passage argues that humpback whales might use stars to navigate, while the lecture casts doubt on this idea by providing several counterarguments.

示例2： 改进前：Second, there may be a different explanation for the humpback whales’ ability to navigate in straight lines. 改进后：The reading claims that humpback whales' ability to migrate in straight lines could be due to their reliance on stars, but the lecture refutes this by suggesting that they might actually use Earth's magnetic field instead.

4.文章结构与组织 从文章结构与组织的角度来看，你的文章缺乏清晰的结构。一个好的综合写作应该包括引言、正文和结论。正文部分应该根据阅读和听力材料的不同观点进行组织，每个段落都应该集中讨论一个具体的观点及其支持细节。此外，还需要在段落和观点之间使用清晰的过渡词。

示例1： 改进前：First, there doesn’t seem to be any real connection between intelligence and an animal’s ability to use stars for navigation. 改进后：In the first point of disagreement, the reading passage asserts that humpback whales' intelligence might enable them to use stars for navigation. However, the lecture contends that there is no direct link between intelligence and an animal's ability to navigate using stars.

示例2： 改进前：Third, spy-hopping probably has nothing to do with looking at stars. 改进后：Lastly, while the reading suggests that spy-hopping behavior could be related to star navigation, the lecture refutes this idea by explaining that spy-hopping is also observed in other animals like sharks and often occurs during daytime when stars are not visible.

5. 语法批改

Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about. The theory that humpback whales use the stars to navigate the open seas is a fascinating one. But the evidence supporting the theory is not very convincing. First, there doesn’t seem to be any real connection between intelligence and an animal’s ability to use stars for navigation. You know, there are other animals that use stars to navigate. Some birds have this ability—like ducks, for example. Now, the general cognitive ability of ducks is only average—they are not highly intelligent. The fact that the ducks evolved the ability to use stars for navigation does not seem to have much of a connection to their overall intelligence. It’s just an instinct they were born with, not a sign of intelligence. So, the fact that humpback whales happen to be intelligent does not make them particularly likely to use stars for navigation. The two things just don’t seem to be connected. Second, there may be a different explanation for the humpback whales’ ability to navigate in straight lines. Remember that for animals to be able to do this, they have to sense some external object or force. Well, the external force the whales could be sensing is Earth’s magnetic field. Humpback whales have a substance in their brains called biomagnetite[No Replacement Word Found](misspelling). Generally, the presence of biomagnetite[No Replacement Word Found](misspelling) in an animal’s body makes that animal sensitive to Earth’s magnetic field. The fact that there’s biomagnetite[No Replacement Word Found](misspelling) in the brains of humpback whales suggests that they orient themselves by the magnetic field rather than the stars when they migrate. Third, spy-hopping probably has nothing to do with looking at stars. Spy-hopping is rare, but there are other animals that exhibit it. Some sharks do itit,(This rule identifies whether commas are missing in a sentence.) for example. But sharks don’t migrate or look at stars. Sharks spy-hop to look for animals they want to hunt. And another thing: humpback whales often spy-hop during the day when no stars can be seen. So to suggest that the function of spy-hopping is to look at stars is pure speculation.

Section Title: 6.文章修订

The reading passage posits that humpback whales may navigate by the stars during their long migrations, based on their intelligence, straight-line migration patterns, and the behavior of spy-hopping. However, the lecture challenges these claims by presenting alternative explanations and questioning the evidence provided in the reading.

Firstly, the reading suggests that humpback whales' intelligence, as indicated by their complex brains, enables them to use stars for navigation. In contrast, the lecture argues that there is no direct correlation between an animal's intelligence and its ability to navigate using stars. The lecturer cites ducks as an example of animals with average cognitive abilities that can still use stars for navigation. This ability is considered an instinct rather than a sign of intelligence.

Secondly, the reading asserts that humpback whales' ability to migrate in straight lines could be attributed to their reliance on stars for orientation since they cannot rely on land features like other animals. The lecture disputes this claim by offering an alternative explanation: humpback whales might sense Earth's magnetic field instead of using stars for navigation. The presence of biomagnetite in their brains makes them sensitive to Earth's magnetic field and could be responsible for their straight-line migration patterns.

Lastly, the reading describes spy-hopping as a rare behavior among marine animals where humpback whales float with their heads above water as if looking upward at the stars. This behavior is proposed as evidence supporting star-based navigation. However, the lecture refutes this idea by stating that spy-hopping is not exclusive to humpback whales; some sharks also exhibit this behavior but do not migrate or look at stars. Furthermore, sharks use spy-hopping to search for prey rather than navigate. Additionally, humpback whales often spy-hop during daylight hours when stars are not visible, casting doubt on the claim that they use this behavior for star-based navigation.

In summary, the lecture challenges the reading's claims that humpback whales navigate using stars by providing alternative explanations and questioning the validity of the evidence presented. (333 words)

Now listen to part of The reading passage posits that humpback whales may navigate by the stars during their long migrations, based on their intelligence, straight-line migration patterns, and the behavior of spy-hopping. However, the lecture challenges these claims by presenting alternative explanations and questioning the evidence provided in the reading.

Firstly, the reading suggests that humpback whales' intelligence, as indicated by their complex brains, enables them to use stars for navigation. In contrast, the lecture argues that there is no direct correlation between an animal's intelligence and its ability to navigate using stars (explaining that intelligence does not necessarily equate to star-based navigation). The lecturer cites ducks as an example of animals with average cognitive abilities that can still use stars for navigation (highlighting that even animals with average intelligence can possess this ability). This ability is considered an instinct rather than a sign of intelligence.

Secondly, the reading asserts that humpback whales' ability to migrate in straight lines could be attributed to their reliance on stars for orientation since they cannot rely on land features like other animals. The lecture on the topic you just read about. disputes this claim by offering an alternative explanation: humpback whales might sense Earth's magnetic field instead of using stars for navigation (suggesting a different method for navigation). The presence of biomagnetite in their brains makes them sensitive to Earth's magnetic field and could be responsible for their straight-line migration patterns (providing a plausible reason for this behavior).

The theory that Lastly, the reading describes spy-hopping as a rare behavior among marine animals where humpback whales use the stars to navigate the open seas float with their heads above water as if looking upward at the stars. This behavior is a ¶ fascinating one. But the proposed as evidence supporting the theory star-based navigation. However, the lecture refutes this idea by stating that spy-hopping is not very convincing. ¶ First, there doesn’t seem to be any real connection between intelligence and an ¶ animal’s ability to use stars for navigation. You know, there are other animals that use ¶ stars to navigate. Some birds have this ability—like ducks, for example. Now, the ¶ general cognitive ability of ducks is only average—they are exclusive to humpback whales; some sharks also exhibit this behavior but do not highly intelligent. The ¶ fact that the ducks evolved the ability to use stars for navigation does not seem to ¶ have much of a connection to their overall intelligence. It’s just an instinct they were ¶ born with, not a sign of intelligence. So, the fact that humpback whales happen to be ¶ intelligent does not make them particularly likely to use stars for navigation. The two ¶ things just don’t seem to be connected. ¶ Second, there may be a different explanation for the humpback whales’ ability to ¶ navigate in straight lines. Remember that for animals to be able to do this, they have ¶ to sense some external object or force. Well, the external force the whales could be ¶ sensing is Earth’s magnetic field. Humpback whales have a substance in their brains ¶ called biomagnetite. ¶ Generally, the presence of biomagnetite in an animal’s body makes that animal ¶ sensitive to Earth’s magnetic field. The fact that there’s biomagnetite in the brains of ¶ humpback whales suggests that they orient themselves by the magnetic field rather ¶ than the stars when they migrate. ¶ Third, spy-hopping probably has nothing to do with looking at stars. Spy-hopping is ¶ rare, but there are other animals that exhibit it. Some sharks do it for example. But ¶ sharks don’t migrate or look at stars. Sharks stars (pointing out that other animals also spy-hop to look for animals they want to ¶ hunt. And another thing: without using it for star-based navigation). Furthermore, sharks use spy-hopping to search for prey rather than navigate. Additionally, humpback whales often spy-hop during the day daylight hours when no stars are not visible (casting doubt on the claim that they use this behavior for star-based navigation), making the connection to star-based navigation speculative.

stars can be seen. So to suggest that the function of spy-hopping is to look at stars is ¶ pure speculation.In summary, the lecture challenges the reading's claims that humpback whales navigate using stars by providing alternative explanations and questioning the validity of the evidence presented.

8. Mind Map

Mind Map:

- Introduction
  - Reading passage claims
  - Lecture challenges

- Intelligence
  - Reading: complex brains = star navigation
  - Lecture: no direct correlation, ducks example, instinct vs. intelligence

- Straight-line migration
  - Reading: star-based orientation
  - Lecture: Earth's magnetic field, biomagnetite in brains

- Spy-hopping behavior
  - Reading: evidence for star navigation
  - Lecture: not exclusive to whales, sharks example, daylight hours, alternative purpose (prey search)

- Conclusion
  - Summary of lecture's counterarguments and challenges to reading passage claims

9. Keywords