TOEFL TPO -1 Writing Task 1 Sample: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respondto the specific concerns expressed in the reading passage.

1.子项得分 任务完成度：4 组织：4 连贯与衔接：4 语言使用：3

2.预估分数

25. 3.任务完成度

整体而言，文章回应了阅读材料中提出的观点，并通过听力部分的论据进行了反驳。然而，文章在解释听力部分的论据时，有些地方表述不够清晰。建议在概括听力材料时更加准确地传达讲座中的观点。

示例1： 原文：“the number of herd do not reduce from east to west, thus indicating that native indians and north american settlers did not contribute to this.” 改进：“Historical records show no reduction in bison population from east to west, which contradicts the claim that settlers and Native Americans were responsible for the decline.”

示例2： 原文：“the development of riffle, which is a weapon has a effect similar to arrow, did indeed as a hurting approach as it is in the past.” 改进：“The professor argues that the improved rifles had a similar mortality rate as traditional hunting methods like bows and arrows, so they couldn't be the main reason for the bison population decline.”

4.文章结构与组织 文章具有明确的结构，包括引言、正文和结论。每段都集中讨论一个特定的观点和支持细节。然而，在段落之间缺乏明确的过渡词或短语，这会影响到文章的连贯性。建议在段落之间添加过渡词，使文章更加流畅。

示例1： 原文：“To begin with, the first point mentioned in the reading passage is that american bison used to be a source of food that north american settler and native indians rely on.” 改进：“Firstly, the reading passage claims that American bison were a significant food source for North American settlers and Native Americans.”

示例2： 原文：“Secondly, contrary to the statement in the reading passage that many grazing species were introduced, which lead to an compete for habitat and food resource…” 改进：“In addition, the reading passage argues that the introduction of other grazing species led to competition for habitat and food resources. However, the lecturer provides evidence to refute this claim by stating…”

5. 语法批改

The reading passage presents three arguments to explain the reasons about the dramatically reduced americanAmerican(misspelling) bison population. However, the professor refutes all those possible theories by stating that they are incorrect.

To begin with, the first point mentioned in the reading passage is that americanAmerican(misspelling) bison used to be a source of food that north americanNorth American(Checks upper/lower case spelling of some proper nouns) settler and native indiansIndians(misspelling) rely on. Nevertheless, this point is contradicted by the speaker who argues that if americanAmerican(misspelling) bison’s population have been affected by the native people in the United States, this situation, which should happened due to the early settlers’ western movement, would be recorded. Conversely, the number of herd do not reduce from east to west, thus indicating that native indiansIndians(misspelling) and north americanNorth American(Checks upper/lower case spelling of some proper nouns) settlers did not contribute to this.

Secondly, contrary to the statement in the reading passage that many grazing species were introduced, which lead to ana(Use of 'a' vs. 'an') compete for habitat and food resource, the lecturer providing new evidence suggesting that the americanAmerican(misspelling) bison is the largest aggressive animal living in north americaNorth America(Checks upper/lower case spelling of some proper nouns). In addition to this, the americanAmerican(misspelling) bison is capable of competing with other grazing speceiesspecies(misspelling) such as horses. Due to the characteristic of domestication, americanAmerican(misspelling) bison can easily occupy a dominant position. Meanwhile, americanAmerican(misspelling) bison is able to survive under the circumstance of cold and mountainous, thus proving that other grazing species are not the rationale for the decline of herd population.

Lastly, the reading passage claims that in light of the improvement of the accuracy and range of rifles causes the population of americanAmerican(misspelling) bison to decrease. In contrast, the professor contends that the relationship between gun and the population of herd are not related. By researching some evidence in the other region around the world, the development of riffle, which is a weapon has aan(Use of 'a' vs. 'an') effect similar to arrow, did indeed as a hurting approach as it is in the past. Therefore, the development of gun does not respond to the decline of herd population.

Section Title: 6.文章修订

The reading passage presents three arguments to explain the reasons for the dramatic reduction in the American bison population. However, the professor refutes all those possible theories by stating that they are incorrect.

To begin with, the first point mentioned in the reading passage is that American bison used to be a source of food that North American settlers and Native Indians relied on. Nevertheless, this point is contradicted by the speaker who argues that if American bison's population had been affected by native people in the United States, this situation, which should have happened due to early settlers' westward movement, would be recorded. Conversely, the number of herds does not reduce from east to west, thus indicating that Native Indians and North American settlers did not contribute to this.

Secondly, contrary to the statement in the reading passage that many grazing species were introduced, which led to competition for habitat and food resources, the lecturer provides new evidence suggesting that American bison is the largest aggressive animal living in North America. In addition to this, American bison is capable of competing with other grazing species such as horses. Due to their characteristic of domestication, American bison can easily occupy a dominant position. Meanwhile, American bison can survive under cold and mountainous circumstances, thus proving that other grazing species are not responsible for the decline of herd populations.

Lastly, the reading passage claims that improvements in accuracy and range of rifles caused a decrease in the population of American bison. In contrast, the professor contends that there is no direct relationship between guns and herd populations. By researching evidence from other regions around the world, it becomes apparent that rifle development has an effect similar to arrows as a hunting approach used in past times. Therefore, gun development does not account for declines in herd populations. (309 words)

Section Title: 6.文章修订

The reading passage presents three arguments to explain the reasons about the dramatically reduced american for the dramatic reduction in the American bison population. However, the professor refutes all those possible theories by stating that they are incorrect. incorrect (Changed "reasons about the dramatically reduced" to "reasons for the dramatic reduction" for better phrasing).

To begin with, the first point mentioned in the reading passage is that american American bison used to be a source of food that north american settler and native indians rely on. North American settlers and Native Indians relied on (Changed "rely on" to "relied on" for correct tense). Nevertheless, this point is contradicted by the speaker who argues that if american bison’s American bison's population have had been affected by the native people in the United States, this situation, which should have happened due to the early settlers’ western settlers' westward movement, would be recorded. recorded (Changed "which should happened" to "which should have happened" for correct tense). Conversely, the number of herd do herds does not reduce from east to west, thus indicating that native indians and north american Native Indians and North American settlers did not contribute to this. this (Changed "number of herd do not reduce" to "number of herds does not reduce" for correct grammar).

Secondly, contrary to the statement in the reading passage that many grazing species were introduced, which led to competition for habitat and food resources (Changed "which lead to an compete for habitat and food resource, compete" to "which led to competition"), the lecturer providing provides new evidence suggesting that the american American bison is the largest aggressive animal living in north america. North America. In addition to this, the american American bison is capable of competing with other grazing speceies species such as horses. Due to the their characteristic of domestication, american domestication (Changed "the characteristic of domestication" to "their characteristic of domestication"), American bison can easily occupy a dominant position. Meanwhile, american bison is able to American bison can survive under the cold and mountainous circumstances (Changed "the circumstance of cold and mountainous, mountainous" to "cold and mountainous circumstances"), thus proving that other grazing species are not the rationale responsible for the decline of herd population. populations (Changed "rationale for the decline of herd population" to "responsible for the decline of herd populations").

Lastly, the reading passage claims that in improvements in accuracy and range of rifles caused a decrease in the population of American bison (Changed "in light of the improvement of the accuracy and range of rifles causes the population of american bison to decrease. improvement" to "improvements"). In contrast, the professor contends that the there is no direct relationship between guns and herd populations (Changed "the relationship between gun and the population of herd are not related. related" to "there is no direct relationship between guns and herd populations"). By researching some evidence in the from other region regions around the world, the it becomes apparent that rifle development has an effect similar to arrows as a hunting approach used in past times (Changed "the development of riffle, which is a weapon has a effect similar to arrow, did indeed as a hurting approach as it is in the past. past" to "rifle development has an effect similar to arrows as a hunting approach used in past times"). Therefore, the gun development does not account for declines in herd populations (Changed "the development of gun does not respond to the decline of herd population.population" to "gun development does not account for declines in herd populations").

8. Mind Map

Mind Map:

1. Introduction
   - Reading passage arguments
   - Professor's refutation

2. First Argument
   - Bison as a food source for settlers and Native Indians
   - Professor's counterargument: no population reduction from east to west

3. Second Argument
   - Competition with other grazing species
   - Professor's counterargument: bison's size, aggression, and adaptability

4. Third Argument
   - Improvements in rifle accuracy and range
   - Professor's counterargument: no direct relationship between guns and herd populations; similar effect to arrows in the past

5. Conclusion 
   - Recap of professor's refutations 

9. Keywords