TOEFL TPO -1 Writing Task 1 Sample: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific concerns expressed in the reading passage.
Historical user samples and AI evaluation results from an older TOEFL format.
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Older TOEFL Format
This task is from a previous version of the TOEFL exam. The current TOEFL has a different structure. These archived samples remain available as a reference for practice.
Task Overview
Reading Passage
During the day, most plants position their leaves so the leaves can collect sunlight. However, at night, some plants fold their leaves. There is no general agreement about why this occurs, but there are several competing theories as to why it might be beneficial for plants to fold up their leaves at night. Protection Against Cold First, some scientists believe that plants fold their leaves at night to protect themselves against the cold. An open leaf has a large surface area exposed to the air, which means it will readily lose heat on a cold night. A folded leaf has less of its surface exposed to the air, and will lose less heat. By folding their leaves at night, plants may protect their leaves from freezing.VX加17813227930 Protection Against Infection Folding leaves may be a mechanism to keep the leaves from getting wet if it rains. Leaves are vulnerable to diseases caused by fungal infection. When leaves are wet, the chance of infection is greater, since fungal spores (small particles through which fungi reproduce) require water to spread to new locations. If the leaves stay dry, the risk of fungal infection is reduced. Elimination of Nighttime Light Finally, many plants need to keep track of the time of year in order to produce flowers at the right time. These plants often keep track of the season based on how much sunlight there is in a day. Plants' sense of time can be distorted when their leaves are exposed to sources of light at night, such as moonlight. The purpose of folding leaves may be to limit leaf exposure to nighttime light, which may help plants track the seasons more accurately.
Question
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific concerns expressed in the reading passage.
User Samples & Evaluation Results
User Sample
The passage posits that folding up the leaves at night might benefits plants for three reasons, while the lecturer contradicts this perspective by providing several counterarguments. Initially, the passage indicates that folding leaves could protect plants against the cold. In contrast, the passage challenges this assertion by suggesting that plants doesn't have interal heat, therefore, if the tempertature is really low or even freezing outside, it could damage plants no matter what the leaves fold or not. So that folding leaves has no ability to protect plants against the cold. Furthermore, the passage contends that one reason that plants fold leaves is to keep the leaves from getting wet and being infected from fungal if it rains. Conversely, the lecturer disputes this claim by highlighting the ability of isolation. The leaves of plants are completely resistant to water, hence it is hard for water to through the water. What's more, the travel of fungal merely needs small amount of water, which means it is always possible for fungal to have opportunities to infect plants. Lastly, although the passage affirms that a large number of plants need to keep track of the time of year in order to produce flowers at the night time. The lecturer presents strong testimony to refute this viewpoint.Specifically, in some forests which would possess a shelter to hinder the moonlight, there are plants still fold the leaves as well. Because in these places, only poor light for plants to grow, there must be other reasons to explain why palnts fold their leaves.
Evaluation Result
1.子项得分 任务完成度: 4 组织: 3 连贯性和衔接: 3 语言使用: 3
2.预估分数
22. 3.任务完成度
整体来说,文章回应了题目要求,概述了听力材料中的观点,并与阅读材料中的论点进行了对比。但在论述过程中,部分内容表述不够准确,如“the leaves of plants are completely resistant to water”应为“folded leaves aren't completely protected from water”。建议在写作时更加关注细节,确保准确传达听力材料的信息。
示例1: 原文:The leaves of plants are completely resistant to water, hence it is hard for water to through the water. 修改:Folded leaves aren't completely protected from water, so a small amount of water can still get through them.
示例2: 原文:Because in these places, only poor light for plants to grow, there must be other reasons to explain why palnts fold their leaves. 修改:Since these plants grow in shaded areas with limited light exposure, there must be other reasons for them to fold their leaves at night.
4.文章结构与组织 文章结构基本清晰,包括引言、正文和结论。但部分段落缺乏明确的主题句和支持细节。此外,在段落之间需要增加更多的过渡词汇以提高连贯性。建议在写作时注意使用主题句引导段落内容,并使用恰当的过渡词汇连接不同观点。
示例1: 原文:Initially, the passage indicates that folding leaves could protect plants against the cold. 修改:Firstly, the reading passage suggests that folding leaves could protect plants against the cold; however, the lecturer refutes this idea by stating that...
示例2: 原文:Furthermore, the passage contends that one reason that plants fold leaves is to keep the leaves from getting wet and being infected from fungal if it rains. 修改:In addition, while the reading passage argues that folding leaves can prevent them from getting wet and being infected by fungi during rain, the lecturer counters this claim by emphasizing that...
5. 语法批改
The passage posits that folding up the leaves at night might benefitsbenefit(Non-infinitive verb after modal verbs) plants for three reasons, while the lecturer contradicts this perspective by providing several counterarguments.
Initially, the passage indicates that folding leaves could protect plants against the cold. In contrast, the passage challenges this assertion by suggesting that plants doesn't have interalinternal(misspelling) heat, therefore, if the tempertaturetemperature(misspelling) is really low or even freezing outside, it could damage plants no matter what the leaves fold or not. So that folding leaves has no ability to protect plants against the cold.
Furthermore, the passage contends that one reason that plants fold leaves is to keep the leaves from getting wet and being infected from fungal if it rains. Conversely, the lecturer disputes this claim by highlighting the ability of isolation. The leaves of plants are completely resistant to water, hence it is hard for water to through the water. What's more, the travel of fungal merely needs small amount of water, which means it is always possible for fungal to have opportunities to infect plants.
Lastly, although the passage affirms that a large number ofmany(a large number of (many)) plants need to keep track of the time of year in order to produce flowers at the night timenighttime(Hyphenated words: night time). The lecturer presents strong testimony to refute this viewpoint.Specifically Specifically(Missing space between sentences), in some forests which would possess a shelter to hinder the moonlight, there are plants still fold the leaves as well. Because in these places, only poor light for plants to grow, there must be other reasons to explain why palntsplants(misspelling) fold their leaves.
Section Title: 6.文章修订
The passage posits that folding up leaves at night might benefit plants for three reasons, while the lecturer contradicts this perspective by providing several counterarguments.
Initially, the passage indicates that folding leaves could protect plants against the cold. In contrast, the lecturer challenges this assertion by suggesting that plants do not have internal heat; therefore, if the temperature is really low or even freezing outside, it could damage plants regardless of whether their leaves are folded or not. Consequently, folding leaves does not effectively protect plants against the cold.
Furthermore, the passage contends that one reason plants fold their leaves is to keep them from getting wet and being infected by fungi if it rains. Conversely, the lecturer disputes this claim by highlighting the inability of isolation. The leaves of plants are not completely resistant to water; hence it is difficult for them to prevent water penetration. Moreover, fungal spores require only a small amount of water to travel, which means it is always possible for fungi to have opportunities to infect plants.
Lastly, although the passage affirms that a large number of plants need to keep track of the time of year in order to produce flowers at night time, the lecturer presents strong testimony to refute this viewpoint. Specifically, in some forests which possess a shelter that hinders moonlight penetration, there are still plants that fold their leaves as well. Because these places provide only poor light for plant growth, there must be other reasons explaining why plants fold their leaves at night. (258 words)
The passage posits that folding up the leaves at night might benefits benefit plants for three reasons, while the lecturer contradicts this perspective by providing several counterarguments.
Initially, the passage indicates that folding leaves could protect plants against the cold. In contrast, the passage lecturer challenges this assertion by suggesting that plants doesn't do not have interal heat, internal heat; therefore, if the tempertature temperature is really low or even freezing outside, it could damage plants no matter what the leaves fold regardless of whether their leaves are folded or not. So that not (revised for clarity and correct grammar). Consequently, folding leaves has no ability to does not effectively protect plants against the cold. cold (rephrased for better flow).
Furthermore, the passage contends that one reason that plants fold their leaves is to keep the leaves them from getting wet and being infected from fungal by fungi if it rains. Conversely, the lecturer disputes this claim by highlighting the ability of isolation. inability of isolation (rephrased for clarity). The leaves of plants are not completely resistant to water, water; hence it is hard for difficult for them to prevent water to through the water. What's more, the travel of penetration (revised for accuracy and clarity). Moreover, fungal merely needs spores require only a small amount of water, water to travel, which means it is always possible for fungal fungi to have opportunities to infect plants. plants (clarified sentence structure).
Lastly, although the passage affirms that a large number of plants need to keep track of the time of year in order to produce flowers at the night time. The time, the lecturer presents strong testimony to refute this viewpoint.Specifically, viewpoint. Specifically, in some forests which would possess a shelter to hinder the moonlight, that hinders moonlight penetration (rephrased for clarity), there are plants still plants that fold the their leaves as well. Because in these places, places provide only poor light for plants to grow, plant growth (corrected grammar), there must be other reasons to explain explaining why palnts plants fold their leaves.leaves at night (improved sentence structure).
8. Mind Map
Mind Map:
- Introduction
- Essay structure
- Lecture points
- Protect against cold
- Passage: folding leaves helps
- Lecture: plants don't have internal heat, still vulnerable to cold
- Prevent water and fungi infection
- Passage: folding leaves keeps them dry
- Lecture: leaves not completely resistant to water, fungal spores can still travel
- Keep track of time for flowering
- Passage: plants need to know the time of year for nighttime flowering
- Lecture: some forests block moonlight, yet plants still fold leaves; other reasons must exist
9. Keywords
| Word | Phonetic Symbol | Part of Speech | English Definition | Simplified Chinese Translation (if needed) | Sample Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Posit | /ˈpɒzɪt/ | Verb | To suggest or assume the existence, fact, or truth of something as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or belief. | 提出,假定 | The passage posits that folding up leaves at night might benefit plants for three reasons. |
| Contradict | /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/ | Verb | To assert the opposite of a statement made by someone else. | 反驳,驳斥 | The lecturer contradicts this perspective by providing several counterarguments. |
| Assertion | /əˈsɜːʃn/ | Noun | A confident and forceful statement of fact or belief. | 断言,主张;肯定的陈述或信仰。 | - In contrast, the lecturer challenges this assertion by suggesting that plants do not have internal heat. |
| Penetration | /ˌpenɪˈtreɪʃn/ | Noun | The action or process of making a way through or into something. | 渗透,穿透 | The leaves of plants are not completely resistant to water; hence it is difficult for them to prevent water penetration. |
| Fungal spores | /ˈfʌŋɡəl spɔːrz/ | Noun | Reproductive units of fungi, which can spread and grow into new organisms. | 真菌孢子 | Fungal spores require only a small amount of water to travel, which means it is always possible for fungi to have opportunities to infect plants. |
| Affirm | /əˈfɜːm/ | Verb | To state something as true; assert positively. | 断言,肯定地说;确认。 | - Although the passage affirms that a large number of plants need to keep track of the time of year in order to produce flowers at night time, the lecturer presents strong testimony to refute this viewpoint. |
| Testimony | /ˈtestɪməni/ | Noun | - Evidence or proof provided by the existence or appearance of something. | 证词,证据 | - The lecturer presents strong testimony to refute this viewpoint. |
| Shelter | /ˈʃeltər/ | Noun | - A place giving temporary protection from bad weather or danger. | 遮蔽处,庇护所 | - In some forests which possess a shelter that hinders moonlight penetration, there are still plants that fold their leaves as well. |
| Hinder | /ˈhɪndər/ | Verb | - Create difficulties for (someone or something), resulting in delay or obstruction. | 阻碍,妨碍 | - The shelter hinders moonlight penetration, affecting the plants' ability to keep track of time. |
| Moonlight | /ˈmuːnlaɪt/ | Noun | - The light of the moon. | 月光 | - Some forests block moonlight, yet plants still fold leaves; other reasons must exist. |
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