TOEFL TPO 75 Writing Task 1 Sample: Summarize, the points made in the lecture being sure to explain how they Challenge the specific arguments presented in the reading passage.

1.子项得分 任务完成度：4 组织：3 连贯与衔接：3 语言使用：3

2.预估分数

23. 3.任务完成度

这篇文章在任务完成度方面表现较好，基本涵盖了阅读和听力材料中的观点。但是，文章在引用听力材料时可以更加详细和准确。例如，在论述快石对海星的影响时，可以更明确地说明快石会导致本地海星死亡，从而破坏生态平衡。

改进建议：

• 在引用听力材料时更加详细和准确；

• 在讨论每个方法的挑战时，尽量使用具体的例子来支持观点。

示例：

1. "The lecturer argues that quicklime not only destroys invasive Northern Pacific sea stars but also native ones, which play a crucial role in maintaining the local ecosystems."
2. "The lecturer points out that even if male sea stars are infected with parasites, they can still fertilize female sea stars, which can produce up to 20 million eggs, making it unlikely that introducing parasites will significantly reduce the population of invasive Northern Pacific sea stars."

4.文章结构与组织 文章结构方面有待提高。虽然文章包含了引言、正文和结论，但各段落之间的衔接不够明显。此外，在正文部分讨论每个方法时，应该先提出阅读材料的观点，然后再引用听力材料进行反驳。

改进建议：

• 在段落开头明确提出要讨论的方法；

• 使用恰当的过渡词和短语来连接不同观点和段落。

示例：

1. "First, the reading passage suggests that using quicklime can effectively reduce the population of invasive Northern Pacific sea stars. However, the lecturer challenges this idea by stating that quicklime not only destroys invasive sea stars but also native ones, which are essential for maintaining local ecosystems."
2. "In contrast to the reading passage's claim that introducing parasites can naturally control the spread of sea stars, the lecturer argues that this approach is unlikely to be effective because male sea stars infected with parasites can still fertilize female sea stars, leading to a continuous increase in their population."

5. 语法批改

The reading and the listening material debate on the ways of controlling the spread of invasive Northern Pacific sea stars, yet the lecture opposes them.

Firstly, the listening material rebuts that administering a poison called quicklime is able to reduce the populations of Northern Pacific sea star. The reason is that although the quicklime does not harm mollusks, it does not mean that it is also safe for the marine eco-systemecosystem(Hyphenated words: eco-system). Even the native sea stars are critical to the ecosystem, but they still have some problems. After the invasive sea stars active for a long time and be killed by the poison, the native sea stars will use the seafloor that the invasive sea stars used to live. Then, they will die because of the poison.

Secondly, the reading material claims that introducing parasites can naturally control the spread of the sea stars. On the contrary, the listening material contradicts it by maintaining that they will not be entirely destroyed. It is because the male infects will fertilize females which will produce more eggs, causing more impacts on the populations of the sea stars.

Thirdly, the listening material suggests that sterilizing ballast water can prevent the Northern Pacific sea stars from spreading to new areas, while the listening material objects to it by firmly expressing that the ballast water is not the only way to transport the sea stars from one place to the other. For instance, the sea stars will be on the bottom of the boat or equipment and stick on the objects, which is available for them to spread to the new areas.

Section Title: 6.文章修订

The reading and the listening material discuss methods for controlling the spread of invasive Northern Pacific sea stars, but the lecture challenges their effectiveness.

Firstly, the listening material disputes the idea that administering quicklime can reduce Northern Pacific sea star populations. Although quicklime does not harm mollusks, it is not necessarily safe for the entire marine ecosystem. Native sea stars, which are critical to maintaining their local ecosystems, are also affected by quicklime. After invasive sea stars are killed by the poison and native sea stars move into the seafloor areas previously inhabited by invasive sea stars, they too will die due to the lingering effects of quicklime.

Secondly, while the reading material asserts that introducing parasites can naturally control the spread of sea stars, the listening material contradicts this claim. The problem with parasites is that they do not completely destroy male Northern Pacific sea stars' reproductive systems. Consequently, infected males can still fertilize females who will produce more eggs, ultimately having little impact on reducing invasive sea star populations.

Lastly, although the reading material suggests that sterilizing ballast water can prevent Northern Pacific sea stars from spreading to new areas, the listening material refutes this idea. Ballast water is not the only means of transporting sea star larvae from one location to another. While floating in seawater, Northern Pacific sea star larvae adhere to objects around them such as boat bottoms or fishing equipment. Due to their ability to cling onto various surfaces, invasive Northern Pacific sea stars will likely continue spreading to new areas regardless of whether ships sterilize their ballast water or not. (270 words)

The reading and the listening material debate on the ways of discuss methods for controlling the spread of invasive Northern Pacific sea stars, yet but the lecture opposes them. challenges their effectiveness (Changed "debate on" to "discuss" and "opposes them" to "challenges their effectiveness" for clarity).

Firstly, the listening material rebuts disputes the idea that administering quicklime can reduce Northern Pacific sea star populations (Changed "rebuts that administering a poison called quicklime is able to reduce the populations of Northern Pacific sea star. The reason is that although the reduce" to "disputes the idea that administering quicklime can reduce" for conciseness). Although quicklime does not harm mollusks, it does not mean that it is not necessarily safe for the entire marine ecosystem. Native sea stars, which are critical to maintaining their local ecosystems, are also safe for the marine eco-system. Even affected by quicklime (Changed "Even the native sea stars are critical to the ecosystem, but they still have some problems. problems" to "Native sea stars, which are critical to maintaining their local ecosystems, are also affected by quicklime" for clarity). After the invasive sea stars active for a long time are killed by the poison and be killed by the poison, the native sea stars move into the seafloor areas previously inhabited by invasive sea stars, they too will use the seafloor that the invasive sea stars used to live. Then, die due to the lingering effects of quicklime (Reworded sentence for clarity).

Secondly, while the reading material asserts that introducing parasites can naturally control the spread of sea stars, the listening material contradicts this claim (Changed "claims that introducing parasites can naturally control" to "asserts that introducing parasites can naturally control", and changed "contradicts it by maintaining that they will die because of the poison. ¶ Secondly, the reading material claims that introducing parasites can naturally control the spread of the sea stars. On the contrary, the listening material contradicts it by maintaining that they will not be entirely destroyed. It destroyed" to "contradicts this claim"). The problem with parasites is because the that they do not completely destroy male infects will Northern Pacific sea stars' reproductive systems. Consequently, infected males can still fertilize females which who will produce more eggs, causing more impacts ultimately having little impact on the reducing invasive sea star populations of the sea stars. (Reworded sentence for clarity).

Thirdly, the listening Lastly, although the reading material suggests that sterilizing ballast water can prevent the Northern Pacific sea stars from spreading to new areas, while the listening material objects refutes this idea (Changed "objects to it by firmly expressing that the ballast water is not the only way to transport the sea stars way" to "refutes this idea"). Ballast water is not the only means of transporting sea star larvae from one place to the other. For instance, the location to another. While floating in seawater, Northern Pacific sea star larvae adhere to objects around them such as boat bottoms or fishing equipment (Changed "the sea stars will be on the bottom of the boat or equipment and stick on the objects, which is available for objects" to "Northern Pacific sea star larvae adhere to objects around them to spread to the such as boat bottoms or fishing equipment" for clarity). Due to their ability to cling onto various surfaces, invasive Northern Pacific sea stars will likely continue spreading to new areas.areas regardless of whether ships sterilize their ballast water or not (Reworded sentence for clarity).

8. Mind Map

Mind Map:

- Introduction
  - Reading and listening material
  - Controlling invasive Northern Pacific sea stars

- Quicklime
  - Disputed effectiveness
  - Harm to native sea stars
  - Lingering effects on seafloor areas

- Introducing parasites
  - Contradictory claims
  - Incomplete destruction of reproductive systems
  - Little impact on population reduction

- Sterilizing ballast water
  - Refuted idea
  - Alternative means of transportation for larvae (boat bottoms, fishing equipment)
  - Continued spread regardless of sterilization efforts 

9. Keywords