TOEFL TPO 48 Writing Task 1 Sample: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific methods proposed in the reading passage.

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In recent years, many frog species around the world have declined in numbers or even gone extinct due to changes in their environment. These population declines and extinctions have serious consequences for the ecosystems in which frogs live; for example, frogs help play a role in protecting humans by eating disease-carrying insects. Several methods have been proposed to solve the problem of declining frog populations.First, frogs are being harmed by pesticides, which are chemicals used to prevent insects from damaging farm crops such as corn and sugarcane. Pesticides often spread from farmland into neighboring frog habitats. Once pesticides enter a frog’s body, they attack the nervous system, leading to severe breathing problems. If laws prohibited the farmers from using harmful pesticides near sensitive frog populations, it would significantly reduce the harm pesticides cause to frogs.A second major factor in frog population decline is a fungus that has spread around the world with deadly effect. The fungus causes thickening of the skin, and since frogs use their skin to absorb water, infected frogs die of dehydration. Recently, researchers have discovered several ways to treat or prevent infection, including antifungal medication and treatments that kill the fungus with heat. Those treatments, if applied on a large scale, would protect sensitive frog populations from infection.Third, in a great many cases, frog populations are in decline simply because their natural habitats are threatened. Since most frog species lay their eggs in water, they are dependent on water and wetland habitats. Many such habitats are threatened by human activities, including excessive water use or the draining of wetlands to make them suitable for development. If key water habitats such as lakes and marshes were better protected from excessive water use and development, many frog species would recover.

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Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific methods proposed in the reading passage.

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Due to the crucial role of eating pests that the frogs play, it's important to protect them in return. In order to save the frogs' declining population, the article proposes several likely approaches, such as reducing pesticides, kill harmful fungus with medication and protect water from being excessively exploited. Firstly, the passage claims that pesticides can deteriorate frogs' health so that we can restrict the farmland nearby frog habitats from using pesticides. However, the lecture opposes that the means isn't practical either economically or fairly. Because the farmers are competing against each other with the production of their crops. Reducing the use of pesticide in particular farmlands will lower their yield and induce them to have a huge disadvantage in this competition, which is totally unfair. In addition, the passage points out that we humans can use medication and treatments to eliminate the deadly fungus for frogs. However, the lecture refutes that it's unlikely to be approachable, because this medication needs us to cure the frogs individually, which makes it inaccessible to large scales. Moreover, it can't prevent the fungus from spreading to the frogs' offspring, so it means we have to do it repeated, which is definitely undoable. Lastly, the passage posits that we can protect frogs' water habitats from being exccessively used, but the lecture argues that the main reason for declination in frogs' population is global warming.

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1.子项得分任务完成度: 4 组织: 3 连贯与衔接: 3 语言使用: 3

2.预估分数

22. 3.任务完成度

整体来说，文章在任务完成度方面表现较好，但仍有改进空间。首先，在总结听力部分时，需要更详细地解释讲座中提到的观点是如何对阅读部分提出的方法产生质疑的。此外，在文章开头和结尾处加入更明确的论述会使文章更具说服力。

示例1：改进前： "However, the lecture opposes that the means isn't practical either economically or fairly." 改进后： "However, the lecture argues that reducing pesticide use is not a practical solution because it would put farmers near frog habitats at an economic disadvantage compared to their competitors."

示例2：改进前： "Lastly, the passage posits that we can protect frogs' water habitats from being excessively used, but the lecture argues that the main reason for declination in frogs' population is global warming." 改进后： "Lastly, although the passage suggests protecting frog habitats from excessive water use, the lecture contends that global warming is the primary cause of declining frog populations and protecting water resources alone would not be sufficient."

4.文章结构与组织在文章结构与组织方面，有待提高。首先，需要加强段落之间的衔接，使文章阅读起来更流畅。其次，在引入听力部分观点时，可以使用更明确的过渡词或短语。最后，可以在文章结尾处加入一个总结性的陈述，以便更好地呈现文章的主题。

示例1：改进前： "Firstly, the passage claims that pesticides can deteriorate frogs' health so that we can restrict the farmland nearby frog habitats from using pesticides." 改进后： "Firstly, while the passage claims that restricting pesticide use near frog habitats can protect their health, the lecture presents a different perspective."

示例2：改进前： "In addition, the passage points out that we humans can use medication and treatments to eliminate the deadly fungus for frogs." 改进后： "In addition, although the passage suggests using medication and treatments to combat the deadly fungus affecting frogs, the lecture highlights several issues with this approach."

语法批改

Due to the crucial role of eating pests that the frogs play, it's important to protect them in return. In order to save the frogs' declining population, the article proposes several likely approaches, such as reducing pesticides, kill harmful fungus with medication and protect water from being excessively exploited. Firstly, the passage claims that pesticides can deteriorate frogs' health so that we can restrict the farmland nearby frog habitats from using pesticides. However, the lecture opposes that the means isn't practical either economically or fairly. Because the farmers are competing against each other with the production of their crops. Reducing the use of pesticide in particular farmlands will lower their yield and induce them to have a huge disadvantage in this competition, which is totally unfair. In addition, the passage points out that we humans can use medication and treatments to eliminate the deadly fungus for frogs. However, the lecture refutes that it's unlikely to be approachable, because this medication needs us to cure the frogs individually, which makes it inaccessible to large scales. Moreover, (Two consecutive spaces)it can't prevent the fungus from spreading to the frogs' offspring, so it means we have to do it repeated, which is definitely undoable. Lastly, the passage posits that we can protect frogs' water habitats from being ~~exccessively~~excessively(misspelling) used, but the lecture argues that the main reason for declination in frogs' population is global warming.

6.文章修订

The decline in frog populations worldwide has raised concerns due to their vital role in controlling pest populations. The reading passage proposes several solutions, including reducing pesticide use, combating harmful fungus with medication, and protecting water resources from overuse. However, the lecture casts doubt on the effectiveness of these methods.

Firstly, while the passage claims that restricting pesticide use near frog habitats can protect their health, the lecture presents a different perspective. It argues that this approach is neither economically practical nor fair for farmers. Farmers rely on pesticides to minimize crop losses and remain competitive in the market. Imposing stricter regulations on pesticide use in areas close to endangered frog populations would put those farmers at a significant disadvantage compared to their competitors, leading to reduced crop yields and unfair competition.

In addition, although the passage suggests using medication and treatments to combat the deadly fungus affecting frogs, the lecture highlights several issues with this approach. Applying these treatments requires capturing and treating each individual frog within a population, making large-scale implementation extremely challenging. Furthermore, these treatments do not prevent frogs from passing the fungus onto their offspring; thus, they would need to be applied repeatedly to each new generation of frogs. Consequently, this method would be both complex and costly.

Lastly, while the passage posits that protecting frog habitats from excessive water use could help preserve their populations, the lecture contends that global warming is the primary cause of declining frog populations. As such, simply protecting water resources alone would not be sufficient in addressing this issue. The ongoing habitat changes caused by global warming pose a more significant threat than human activities such as water use or development near frog habitats.

In light of these points made in the lecture, it becomes evident that the proposed solutions in the reading passage may not effectively address the decline in frog populations. (314 words)

~~Due to the crucial~~ 7.文章批改

The decline in frog populations worldwide has raised concerns due to their vital role ~~of eating pests that the frogs play, it's important to protect them in return. In order to save the frogs' declining population, the article~~ in controlling pest populations. (Revised for clarity and conciseness) The reading passage proposes several ~~likely approaches, such as~~ solutions, including reducing ~~pesticides, kill~~ pesticide use, combating harmful fungus with medication, and protecting water resources from overuse. However, the lecture casts doubt on the effectiveness of these methods. (Added a clear transition)

Firstly, while the passage claims that restricting pesticide use near frog habitats can protect their health, the lecture presents a different perspective. (Improved transition) It argues that this approach is neither economically practical nor fair for farmers. Farmers rely on pesticides to minimize crop losses and remain competitive in the market. Imposing stricter regulations on pesticide use in areas close to endangered frog populations would put those farmers at a significant disadvantage compared to their competitors, leading to reduced crop yields and unfair competition. (Enhanced sentence structure)

In addition, although the passage suggests using medication and ~~protect water~~ treatments to combat the deadly fungus affecting frogs, the lecture highlights several issues with this approach. (Improved transition) Applying these treatments requires capturing and treating each individual frog within a population, making large-scale implementation extremely challenging. Furthermore, these treatments do not prevent frogs from ~~being excessively exploited. ¶ Firstly, the passage claims that pesticides can deteriorate frogs' health so that we can restrict the farmland nearby~~ passing the fungus onto their offspring; thus, they would need to be applied repeatedly to each new generation of frogs. Consequently, this method would be both complex and costly. (Enhanced sentence structure)

Lastly, while the passage posits that protecting frog habitats from ~~using pesticides. However,~~ excessive water use could help preserve their populations, the lecture ~~opposes that the means isn't practical either economically~~ contends that global warming is the primary cause of declining frog populations. As such, simply protecting water resources alone would not be sufficient in addressing this issue.(Improved transition) The ongoing habitat changes caused by global warming pose a more significant threat than human activities such as water use or ~~fairly. Because the farmers are competing against each other with the production~~ development near frog habitats.

In light of their crops. Reducing the use of pesticide in particular farmlands will lower their yield and induce them to have a huge disadvantage in this competition, which is totally unfair. ¶ In addition, the passage these points out that we humans can use medication and treatments to eliminate the deadly fungus for frogs. However, the lecture refutes that it's unlikely to be approachable, because this medication needs us to cure the frogs individually, which makes made in the lecture, it inaccessible to large scales. Moreover, it can't prevent the fungus from spreading to the frogs' offspring, so it means we have to do it repeated, which is definitely undoable. ¶ Lastly, the passage posits that we can protect frogs' water habitats from being exccessively used, but the lecture argues that the main reason for declination in frogs' population is global warming.becomes evident that the proposed solutions in the reading passage may not effectively address the decline in frog populations. (Enhanced sentence structure and clarity)

8.思维导图

Introduction
- Decline in frog populations
- Reading passage solutions
- Lecture doubts
Pesticide use
- Reading: Restricting pesticide use near habitats
- Lecture: Economic impracticality and unfairness for farmers
Fungus treatment
- Reading: Medication and treatments for fungus
- Lecture: Challenges in large-scale implementation and generational application
Water resource protection
- Reading: Protecting habitats from excessive water use
- Lecture: Global warming as the primary cause of decline
Conclusion
- Ineffectiveness of proposed solutions in reading passage

9.关键词

Word	Phonetic Symbol	Part of Speech	English Definition	Simplified Chinese Translation	Sample Sentence
decline	/dɪˈklaɪn/	noun	A gradual decrease in quality, quantity, or value	下降	The decline in frog populations has raised concerns worldwide.
pesticide	/ˈpɛstɪsaɪd/	noun	A chemical used to kill pests, especially insects	杀虫剂	Farmers rely on pesticides to minimize crop losses.
fungus	/ˈfʌŋɡəs/	noun	Any group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter.	真菌	The deadly fungus affecting frogs is a major concern for their survival.
medication	/ˌmɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/	noun	/A substance used for medical treatment, especially a medicine or drug.	/药物	The passage suggests using medication to combat the harmful fungus.
implementation	/ɪmˌplɛmənˈteɪʃən/	noun	The process of putting a decision or plan into effect	实施	Large-scale implementation of the fungus treatment is extremely challenging.
habitat	/ˈhæbɪtæt/	noun	The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.	/栖息地	Protecting frog habitats from excessive water use is essential for their survival.
global warming	/ˈɡloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ/	noun	/A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.	全球变暖	Global warming is the primary cause of declining frog populations.
disadvantage	/ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒ/	noun	/An unfavorable circumstance or condition that reduces the chances of success or effectiveness.	劣势	Farmers near frog habitats would be at a significant disadvantage if pesticide use was restricted.
generational	/ˌdʒɛnəˈreɪʃənl/	adjective	/Relating to a particular generation, or to the relationships between particular generations.	世代的	The fungus treatments would need to be applied repeatedly to each new generation of frogs.
ineffectiveness	/ˌinəˈfektivnəs/	noun	/Lack of the ability or power to produce a desired effect or result.	无效性	The lecture casts doubt on the effectiveness of the proposed solutions in the reading passage.