TOEFL TPO 27 Speaking Task 4 Sample: Using the examples from the lecture, explain two developments that allowed ancient Roman cities to expand.

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数 Estimated Score: 23

3.表达 在表达方面，发言者的语速较为稳定，但有时会出现不必要的停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议发言者注意在适当的地方停顿，以保持连贯性。此外，还需注意准确发音以避免拼写错误。加强练习和模仿地道英语发音将有助于改善这一问题。

4.话题发展 The speaker provided a coherent and well-organized response, mentioning the two developments that allowed ancient Roman cities to expand: special concrete and aqueducts. However, there is room for improvement in terms of providing more detailed examples and explanations. For instance, the speaker could have mentioned how the special concrete allowed for stronger bridges that could support wagons and carts, and how aqueducts enabled cities to grow in new locations far from rivers. To improve topic development, the speaker should focus on elaborating on the examples given and providing more context to better support their points.

6.语言使用

Original Answer: There are two methods that the ancient Romans can expand the city to a very large place. There were two developments that allowed ancient Roman cities to expand significantly. (句子结构和词汇的改进) The first method is referred to as special concrete. The first development was the invention of a special type of concrete. (语法和词汇的改进) The concrete is very useful for building some large buildings. For instance, they used the concrete to build a huge bridge across the river, which means they can expand one side of the city to another side of the river. The second method refers to the ways to bring the water from a long distance. The second development involved an innovative way to transport water over long distances. (词汇和语法的改进) For instance, the aquascapes, which can be built from the high mountains and can lead water to the humans without leaving the river, which allows the city to survive.

Revised Answer (140 words):

There were two developments that allowed ancient Roman cities to expand significantly. The first development was the invention of a special type of concrete, which had unique properties that enabled it to harden underwater. This concrete was instrumental in constructing large and durable structures such as bridges. These bridges could span wide rivers, allowing cities to grow on both sides and facilitating transportation with wagons and carts. The second development involved an innovative way to transport water over long distances through the construction of aqueducts. These were carefully designed open channels that carried water from mountain sources to urban areas, providing a steady flow of fresh water even to locations far from rivers. As a result, Roman cities could grow larger and thrive in new locations, thanks to these technological advancements.

7.思维导图

• Ancient Roman cities
  • Expansion
    • Development 1: Special concrete
      • Harden underwater
      • Large structures (bridges)
      • Transportation (wagons, carts)
    • Development 2: Aqueducts
      • Long-distance water transport
      • Open channels
      • Fresh water supply
      • Growth in new locations

8.关键词