TOEFL TPO 71 Speaking Task 4 Sample: Using points and examples from the lecture, explain two characteristics of effective feedback

1.Sub Scores

• Delivery: 2

• Language Use: 2

• Topic Development: 1

2.Estimated Scores

• Total Score: 15

3.Delivery The speaker's delivery could be improved by focusing on clearer and more fluid speech. The pace should be consistent, with only occasional pauses. To improve pronunciation, the speaker should practice saying words correctly and avoid spelling errors that result from inaccurate pronunciation. Additionally, the speaker should work on appropriate pauses to avoid punctuation problems.

4.Topic Development The response provided does not address the question about the characteristics of effective feedback. Instead, it discusses a music department event. To improve topic development, the speaker should ensure that their response is coherent and well-organized, directly answering the question asked. They should also provide clear connections between ideas and sufficient support or examples from the lecture to demonstrate their understanding of the topic.

5.Language Use

The campus announces lecture discussed (the original phrase did not address the lecture topic) that the music department is going to hold the free lunchtime concert in the music department lodge. two characteristics of effective feedback are important for teachers to consider. (the original sentence was off-topic) This can offer music students more opportunities to perform and also offer snacks for the coming students. One characteristic is proper timing, which allows students to apply the feedback while still working on a task or skill. (replaced off-topic content with relevant information) And the women look forward to this activity. Another characteristic is focusing on students' work rather than on the students themselves, which helps them learn what to do in the future. (replaced off-topic content with relevant information)

Revised Answer (140 words):

The lecture discussed two characteristics of effective feedback that are important for teachers to consider. One characteristic is proper timing, which allows students to apply the feedback while still working on a task or skill. For example, an art teacher should give feedback on students' paintings while they are still studying painting techniques, so they can try out the teacher's suggestions. Another characteristic is focusing on students' work rather than on the students themselves, which helps them learn what to do in the future. Instead of criticizing a student for being a bad painter, the teacher might suggest different colors to use in their next painting. By incorporating these characteristics into their feedback, teachers can provide more effective guidance and support for their students, ultimately helping them improve their skills and performance.

6.Mind Map

- Effective Feedback
  - Proper Timing
    - Apply feedback while working on task/skill
    - Example: Art teacher giving feedback on paintings
  - Focus on Work, Not Students
    - Helps students learn what to do in the future
    - Example: Suggesting different colors instead of criticizing painting skills

7.Key Words

1.子项得分

• 交付 (Delivery): 3

• 语言使用 (Language Use): 3

• 话题发展 (Topic Development): 3

2.预估分数: 23

3.表达 从交付方面来看，整体上讲得比较清楚，但在某些地方存在一些不必要的停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议在练习时注意保持连贯性和一致的语速。同时，注意正确发音，以避免出现拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，回答内容基本上是连贯和有组织的，但可以在一些地方进一步加强。例如，在描述有效反馈的第一个特点时，可以更明确地说明反馈应该在学生仍在进行某项任务或技能时给出。此外，在举例子时，可以更详细地解释为什么这个例子能很好地说明有效反馈的特点。总之，在练习时尝试更清晰地表达观点，并提供充分的支持或例子。

5.语言使用

原文：In an education class, the class talks about the teacher should offer feedback to students. In an education class, the lecture discusses how teachers should provide feedback to students.（在教育课上，讲座讨论了教师应如何向学生提供反馈。）

原文：They praise students when they are doing great, and they should let students know when they are making mistakes. Teachers praise students for their achievements and inform them about their mistakes.（教师表扬学生的成就，并告知他们关于他们的错误。）

原文：So this can improve students to do better in the future. This helps students improve their performance in the future.（这有助于学生在未来提高他们的表现。）

原文：The first is about the time of the feedback. The first characteristic concerns the timing of the feedback.（第一个特点涉及反馈的时机。）

原文：It should be given to students when students are still working, so they can get the feedback. Feedback should be provided while students are still working on a task, allowing them to apply it immediately.（在学生仍在进行任务时，应向他们提供反馈，使他们能立即应用它。）

原文：For example, in an arts class, the teacher should give the feedback about painting during the class they are still taking, so the student can try again. For instance, in an art class, the teacher should provide feedback on paintings while students are still working on them, allowing students to make adjustments.（例如，在艺术课上，教师应在学生仍在进行绘画时就提供关于绘画的反馈，让学生可以进行调整。）

原文：And second is about the work feedback. The second characteristic pertains to the focus of the feedback.（第二个特点涉及反馈的重点。）

原文：It is not focused on students themselves, so students can learn what to do in the future. Feedback should concentrate on students' work rather than their personal abilities, enabling them to learn from it and improve.（反馈应关注学生的作品而非他们的个人能力，使他们能从中学习并改进。）

原文：Also, in the example of the arts, if the teacher thinks the painting color is not good, they should suggest the student to use another color in the next painting class. In the art example, if a teacher believes a painting's colors are unsuitable, they should recommend alternative colors for future projects.（在艺术示例中，如果教师认为绘画的颜色不合适，他们应该为未来的项目推荐其他颜色。）

修订版（140词）：

In an education class, the lecture discusses how teachers should provide feedback to students. Teachers praise students for their achievements and inform them about their mistakes. This helps students improve their performance in the future. There are two characteristics of effective feedback. The first characteristic concerns the timing of the feedback. Feedback should be provided while students are still working on a task, allowing them to apply it immediately. For instance, in an art class, the teacher should provide feedback on paintings while students are still working on them, allowing students to make adjustments. The second characteristic pertains to the focus of the feedback. Feedback should concentrate on students' work rather than their personal abilities, enabling them to learn from it and improve. In the art example, if a teacher believes a painting's colors are unsuitable, they should recommend alternative colors for future projects.

6.思维导图

- Education class
  - Teachers provide feedback
    - Praise achievements
    - Inform about mistakes

- Characteristics of effective feedback
  - Timing
    - While students work on tasks
    - Apply feedback immediately
  - Focus
    - On students' work, not personal abilities
    - Learn and improve from feedback

- Examples
  - Art class
    - Feedback on paintings during the process
    - Adjustments based on feedback
  - Colors in paintings
    - Recommend alternative colors for future projects

7.关键词

1.子项得分

• 交付 (Delivery): 3.5

• 语言使用 (Language Use): 3.5

• 话题发展 (Topic Development): 3.5

2.预估分数

• 总分: 27

3.表达 回答中的发音大部分清晰，语速适中，但在某些地方存在轻微的停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议在练习时注意保持连贯流畅的语速，并尽量减少不必要的停顿。同时，注意正确发音，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 回答内容基本上是连贯和组织良好的，能够明确地阐述听力课程中提到的两个有效反馈特点，并给出了相应的例子。然而，在描述第一个特点时，可以更详细地解释为什么及时反馈对学生有益。此外，在给出例子时，可以尝试使用更多不同类型的例子来丰富回答内容。

5.语言使用

原文及修改后的回答：

The professor has discussed two characteristics of effective feedbacks. First, the feedback should be properly timed as the feedback should be given when the students are still working, which in order to give them an opportunity to apply the feedback. For example, in a painting class, the teacher should give the students feedback while they are studying painting in order for them to try the painting techniques that presented in class. Secondly, the feedback should focus on the work itself instead of the students. Criticizing students will only let them to feel bad and not knowing what to do next. For example, if the teacher thinks that the color in the painting does not look good, they should suggest to use a different color the next time instead of criticizing the students saying that they are not a good painter.

The professor has discussed two characteristics of effective feedbackseffective feedback(反馈是不可数名词，应使用单数形式). First, the feedback should be properly timed(此处去掉定冠词“the”使句子更自然), as it should be given when the students are still working(同样去掉定冠词“the”使句子更自然), in order to give them an opportunity to apply the feedback. For example, in a painting class, the teacher should give the students feedback while they are studying painting(同样去掉定冠词“the”使句子更自然), in order for them to try the painting techniques that presentedwere presented(此处应使用被动语态) in class. Secondly, the feedback should focus on the work itself instead of the students(同样去掉定冠词“the”使句子更自然). Criticizing students will only letcause(此处应使用cause表示导致) them to feel bad and not knowingknow(此处应使用动词原形) what to do next. For example, if the teacher thinks that the color in the painting does not look good, they should suggest to useusing(suggest后接动名词) a different color the next time instead of criticizing the students(同样去掉定冠词“the”使句子更自然), saying that they are not a good painter.

修订后的回答（140字）：

The professor has discussed two characteristics of effective feedback. First, feedback should be properly timed, as it should be given when students are still working, in order to give them an opportunity to apply the feedback. For example, in a painting class, a teacher should give students feedback while they are studying painting, allowing them to try the painting techniques that were presented in class. Secondly, the feedback should focus on the work itself instead of students. Criticizing students will only cause them to feel bad and not know what to do next. For example, if a teacher thinks that the color in the painting does not look good, they should suggest using a different color next time instead of criticizing students, saying that they are not a good painter.

6.思维导图

- Effective Feedback
    - Properly Timed
        - Given when students are still working
        - Opportunity to apply feedback
        - Example: Painting class
    - Focus on Work, not Students
        - Criticizing students causes negative feelings
        - Students won't know what to do next
        - Example: Suggesting different colors in painting

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数 Estimated Score: 23

3.表达 从表达方面来看，发言者的语言流利度和语速基本一致，但偶尔会有停顿。为了提高表达能力，建议发言者注意以下几点：1）在练习时，尽量保持语速的稳定性，避免不必要的停顿；2）在发音方面，需要注意一些单词的准确发音，以免引起误解；3）在口语表达中，尽量使用更多的连接词和过渡词，使句子更加连贯。

4.话题发展 From the topic development aspect, the speaker provides a coherent response with clear connections between ideas and examples from the lecture. However, there is room for improvement in terms of organization and elaboration. To enhance topic development, consider the following suggestions: 1) Clearly state the two characteristics of effective feedback at the beginning of the response; 2) Use transition words or phrases to smoothly connect ideas and examples; 3) Provide more detailed explanations of the examples to better support the main points.

5.语言使用

Original Answer: In the education class, the professor talks about two characteristics of effective feedback. The first is probably time. With a probably time, students can apply practice that the teacher recommends on their assignments. For example, in the art class, students can actually try the teacher's recommended techniques to their real work. And second, they should focus on the work instead of themselves, so the students can learn what to do in the future. For example, in the art class, when students' colors don't look good, they should recommend different colors.

Corrected Answer: In the education class lecture, the professor discusses two characteristics of effective feedback. The first is proper timing. With proper timing, students can apply the practices that the teacher recommends to their assignments. For example, in an art class, students can actually try the teacher's suggested techniques on their actual work. The second characteristic is focusing on the work rather than on the students themselves so that they can learn what to do in the future. For instance, in an art class, when a student's color choices are not appealing, the teacher should suggest different colors to use. (将probably time改为proper timing，将apply practice改为apply practices，将And second改为The second characteristic，将instead of themselves改为rather than on the students themselves，将they should recommend改为the teacher should suggest。)

Revised 140-word Answer: In the education class lecture, the professor discusses two essential characteristics of effective feedback for student improvement. The first characteristic is proper timing. By providing feedback at an appropriate time, students can apply practices recommended by their teachers to their assignments and improve their skills accordingly. For instance, in an art class setting, timely feedback allows students to implement the teacher's suggested techniques on their actual work, enhancing their painting abilities. The second characteristic emphasizes focusing on the work rather than the students themselves. This approach enables students to understand what they need to improve in the future without feeling personally criticized. For example, if a student's color choices in an art class are not visually appealing, a teacher should suggest alternative colors to use, guiding the student towards better artistic decisions while maintaining a positive learning environment.

6.思维导图

- Education Class Lecture
  - Effective Feedback
    - Characteristic 1: Proper Timing
      - Apply practices to assignments
      - Example: Art class techniques
    - Characteristic 2: Focus on Work
      - Not on students themselves
      - Example: Suggesting different colors in art class

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数 Estimated Score: 23

3.表达 从表达方面来看，这个回答的发音和语速大体上是清晰和流畅的，但偶尔会有停顿。为了提高口语表达能力，建议在练习时注意以下几点：1) 加强发音练习，尤其是在容易发错音的单词上；2) 注意语速的控制，避免过快或过慢；3) 在适当的地方加入停顿，以增强语言的连贯性和表达力。

4.话题发展 The response is coherent and well-organized, with clear connections between ideas and sufficient support or examples from the lecture. However, there is room for improvement in topic development. To enhance the response, consider the following suggestions: 1) Elaborate on the examples provided in the lecture to better illustrate the points being made; 2) Ensure that each point is fully explained and connected to the overall topic of effective feedback; 3) Practice organizing thoughts and ideas in a more structured manner to create a more cohesive response.

5.语言使用

Original Answer: The first characteristic of effective feedback is properly timed. The first characteristic of effective feedback is that it is properly timed. (将"is"加入句子使其更自然) The teacher needs to give a comment and feedback on the students' assignments in time, so the students can learn the feedback effectively. The teacher needs to provide timely feedback on students' assignments, enabling them to learn effectively from the feedback. (修改句子结构，使其更简洁明了) For example, when the students take art classes and they hand in their homework on the art papers, the teacher should give their feedback on the assignment during the art class. For instance, when students submit their artwork in an art class, the teacher should provide feedback during that class itself. (简化句子，使其更自然流畅) The second characteristic of effective feedback is they should focus on the students' work, not the students themselves. The second characteristic of effective feedback is that it should focus on students' work rather than on the students themselves. (修改句子结构，使其更清晰明确) For example, when the teacher corrects a student, they may feel bad of themselves, For example, when a teacher corrects a student, the student may feel bad about themselves, (修改表述，使其更自然) but if they focus on the work, the student may feel better next time. but if the feedback focuses on their work, the student may feel more encouraged to improve next time. (修改句子结构，使其更具说服力)

Revised Answer (140 words): The first characteristic of effective feedback is that it is properly timed. The teacher needs to provide timely feedback on students' assignments, enabling them to learn effectively from the feedback. For instance, when students submit their artwork in an art class, the teacher should provide feedback during that class itself. This allows students to apply the suggestions and improve their skills while still working on the task. The second characteristic of effective feedback is that it should focus on students' work rather than on the students themselves. For example, when a teacher corrects a student, the student may feel bad about themselves, but if the feedback focuses on their work and offers specific suggestions for improvement, the student may feel more encouraged to improve next time. This approach fosters a growth mindset and helps students develop their skills more effectively.

6.思维导图

- Effective Feedback
  - Properly Timed
    - Timely feedback
    - Learn effectively
    - Example: Art class
  - Focus on Work
    - Not on students themselves
    - Encouragement to improve
    - Example: Specific suggestions

7.关键词

1.子项得分

• 交付：3

• 语言使用：3.5

• 主题发展：3.5

2.预估分数

• 总分：26

3.表达 回答中的语言表达较为清晰，但在某些地方可能需要稍作调整以提高流畅度。建议在练习时注意保持一致的语速和适当的停顿，以便更好地传达信息。同时，注意发音的准确性，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 回答内容基本上是连贯和组织良好的，能够清楚地阐述有效反馈的两个特点。然而，在提供例子时可以尝试更详细地描述，以便更充分地支持观点。在练习时，请注意在论述中加入更多有力的例证来增强说服力。

5.语言使用

原文：The professor discusses two characteristics of effective feedback. The professor mentions two characteristics of effective feedback. (将discusses改为mentions，使表述更自然) First, the feedback should be provided at an appropriate time. First, the feedback should be given at the right time. (将provided at an appropriate time改为given at the right time，使表述更简洁) For instance, when a student is learning painting techniques, the teacher should offer guidance while they are still practicing, allowing the student to apply the new techniques effectively. Secondly, teachers should concentrate on students' work rather than the students themselves. For example, in an art class where a teacher dislikes a student's choice of colors, she should suggest alternative colors for future use. By allowing these principles, teachers can ensure that their feedback is both timely and focused on the work itself, leading to better learning outcomes for their students.

修订版（140词）：

The professor mentions two characteristics of effective feedback. First, the feedback should be given at the right time. This means that teachers should provide guidance while students are still working on a particular task or skill, allowing them to apply any suggestions or corrections immediately. For instance, when a student is learning painting techniques, the teacher should offer guidance while they are still practicing, enabling them to effectively apply new techniques as they progress. Secondly, teachers should focus on students' work rather than critiquing the students themselves. In an art class where a teacher dislikes a student's choice of colors, for example, she should suggest alternative colors for future use instead of criticizing the student personally. By adhering to these principles, teachers can ensure that their feedback is both timely and focused on the work itself, ultimately leading to improved learning outcomes for their students.

6.思维导图

- Effective Feedback
    - Right Time
        - Guidance during practice
        - Apply suggestions immediately
    - Focus on Work
        - Critique work, not students
        - Provide specific suggestions
    - Improved Learning Outcomes

7.关键词

1.Sub Scores

• Delivery: 3

• Language Use: 3

• Topic Development: 3

2.Estimated Scores

• Total Score: 23

3.Delivery The speaker's delivery is generally clear and fluid, with a consistent pace and only occasional pauses. However, there are some minor issues with punctuation and pronunciation that could be improved. To enhance the delivery, the speaker should practice proper punctuation and work on accurate pronunciation of certain words. This will help in making the speech sound more natural and fluent.

4.Topic Development The response is coherent and well-organized, with clear connections between ideas and sufficient support or examples from the lecture. The speaker effectively explains both characteristics of effective feedback using relevant examples from the art teacher scenario. To further improve topic development, the speaker could elaborate more on each characteristic and provide additional examples or explanations to reinforce their points. This will help in creating a more comprehensive and engaging response.

5.Language Use

Original: The professor talks about two characteristics of effective feedback. The first one involves properly timed. Take the art teacher for example. The art teacher should give feedback to the students while their class still working on painting. This is because students have time and opportunity to try the techniques teacher suggested. Another characteristic is focusing on the student's work, not on student themselves. Take the art teacher for example. When in art class, the teacher saw somebody used the wrong color, instead of told the student that she's a bad painter, the teacher should instead suggested her to use different colors. In this way, this method will not only give the constructive solution to the students, but also not damaging her confidence.

Corrected: The professor talks about two characteristics of effective feedback. The first one involves properly timed proper timing. Take the art teacher for example. The art teacher should give feedback to the students while their class still working the class is still working on painting. This is because students have time and opportunity to try the techniques teacher suggested the teacher suggests. Another characteristic is focusing on the student's work, not on student themselves the students themselves. Take the art teacher for example. When in art class, the teacher saw somebody used the wrong color, instead of told telling the student that she's a bad painter, the teacher should instead suggested suggest her to use different colors. In this way, this method will not only give the constructive solution to the students, but also not damaging not damage her confidence.

Revised (140 words): The professor discusses two characteristics of effective feedback. The first characteristic involves proper timing. For instance, consider an art teacher who should provide feedback to students while the class is still working on painting. This approach allows students to have time and opportunities to try the techniques the teacher suggests. Another characteristic focuses on the student's work rather than the students themselves. Using the art teacher example again, if the teacher notices a student using an incorrect color, instead of telling the student they are a bad painter, the teacher should suggest using different colors. By doing so, this method not only offers a constructive solution for students but also preserves their confidence.

6.Mind Map

- Effective Feedback
  - Proper Timing
    - Art teacher example
      - While class is working on painting
      - Opportunity to try suggested techniques
  - Focus on Work, Not Students
    - Art teacher example
      - Incorrect color usage
      - Suggest different colors instead of criticizing
      - Constructive solution and preserving confidence

7.Key Words

1.子项得分

• 交付 (Delivery): 3

• 语言使用 (Language Use): 3

• 主题发展 (Topic Development): 3

2.预估分数

• 总分: 23

3.表达 从交付方面来看，发言者的语音清晰，语速基本一致，仅有少量停顿。但在某些地方，发言者的停顿不太合适，导致了标点问题。此外，发言者在发音方面也存在一些不准确之处，导致了拼写错误。建议发言者注意在适当的地方停顿，并多加练习以提高发音准确性。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，发言者提供了一个连贯且组织良好的回答，并在回答中明确地阐述了两个有效反馈的特点。然而，在提供支持或示例时，可以更加详细和具体。建议发言者在解释有效反馈特点时尝试提供更多相关细节和实际例子，以使回答更具说服力。

5.语言使用

原文及修改：

The professor in the educational lecture talks about a concept about feedback or comments on students' work, will help students to improve their ability better in the future, and two effective characteristics of the feedback. (将句子分成两部分，使其更加清晰) One is the proper time.; Applying the feedback properly can help the student to get the feedback more timely and to modify their work timely. (使用分号连接两个相关的句子) For example, the painting during the study class, the feedback can help the student to modify their painting just in the class and to accept the recommendation on time. Another is to recommend on the work rather than the student itself, because students can feel better,. For example, the color is not bright. Instead of talking about bad painters, a different color is better.

修改后的回答（140字）：

The professor in the educational lecture talks about a concept that feedback or comments on students' work helps them improve their abilities in the future and mentions two effective characteristics of feedback. One characteristic is proper timing; applying feedback appropriately allows students to receive it promptly and adjust their work accordingly. For instance, when painting during class, timely feedback helps students modify their paintings and implement recommendations immediately. Another characteristic is focusing on students' work rather than themselves, as it makes them feel more confident. For example, if a painting's colors are not vibrant, instead of labeling someone a bad painter, suggesting different colors would be more constructive.

原因及解释：

将句子分成两部分，使其更加清晰。使用分号连接两个相关的句子，使语言更自然。在修改后的回答中，我们使用了更高级的词汇，如“implement recommendations”，并确保了语法正确、陈述自然流畅、过渡顺畅以及结论有力。

6.思维导图

- Educational Lecture
    - Feedback
        - Improve abilities
        - Two characteristics
            - Proper timing
                - Prompt adjustments
                - Example: Painting class
            - Focus on work, not students
                - Confidence boost
                - Example: Suggesting different colors

7.关键词

1.子项得分

• 交付 (Delivery): 2

• 语言使用 (Language Use): 2

• 主题发展 (Topic Development): 2

2.预估分数

• 总分: 19

3.表达 回答中的发音和语速需要改进。建议练习清晰、流畅的发音，并保持一致的语速，避免不必要的停顿。同时注意正确的发音，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 回答内容需要更加连贯和有组织。建议在解释有效反馈的两个特点时，明确指出这两个特点分别是什么，并给出听力中提到的例子。此外，尽量使用更多的连接词，使回答更加流畅。

5.语言使用

原文：Teachers praise students and give them feedback when they work well. First, the characteristics of feedback are two. First, the time feedback. Students should have the opportunity to apply the feedback. For example, when they are painting a t-shirt, they try to use the way the teacher recommends. They should give feedback to themselves. You don't say someone is not good.

修改后：Teachers provide students with feedback to help them improve their performance. There are two main characteristics of effective feedback. Firstly, it should be timely. Students must have the opportunity to apply the feedback in their work. For instance, when students are working on a painting assignment, they should try to implement the techniques suggested by their teacher. Secondly, the feedback should focus on the students' work rather than on the students themselves. Instead of saying that someone is not good, constructive criticism should be given.（修改原因：语法、句子结构和词汇的改进。）

建议及解释：（将"the characteristics of feedback are two"改为"there are two main characteristics of effective feedback"，使句子更自然。将"time feedback"改为"it should be timely"，以更准确地表达意思。将"when they are painting a t-shirt"改为"when students are working on a painting assignment"，以更清楚地描述场景。将"they try to use the way the teacher recommends"改为"they should try to implement the techniques suggested by their teacher"，以提高表达的准确性。将"They should give feedback to themselves."删除，因为这与听力内容不符。将"You don't say someone is not good."改为"Instead of saying that someone is not good, constructive criticism should be given."，以更准确地表达有效反馈的特点。）

修改后的回答（140词）：

Teachers provide students with feedback to help them improve their performance. There are two main characteristics of effective feedback. Firstly, it should be timely. Feedback must be given when students are still working on a particular task or skill and have opportunities to apply the feedback in their work. For instance, when students are working on a painting assignment, they should try to implement the techniques suggested by their teacher while the class is still studying painting. Secondly, the feedback should focus on the students' work rather than on the students themselves. Constructive criticism should be given to help students understand what they need to do differently in the future. For example, an art teacher might suggest different colors for a student's next painting instead of telling them they are a bad painter. These two characteristics ensure that feedback is more likely to help students improve their work in the future.

6.思维导图

Effective Feedback
├─ Timely
│   └─ Opportunity to apply feedback
│       └─ Example: Painting assignment
└─ Focus on work, not students
    └─ Constructive criticism
        └─ Example: Suggesting different colors for painting

7.关键词