TOEFL TPO 45 Writing Task 1 Sample: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage.

1.子项得分 任务完成度：4 组织：4 连贯性和衔接：4 语言使用：4

2.预估分数

25. 3.任务完成度

你的文章在回答问题方面做得很好，总体上概述了听力材料中的观点，并解释了它们如何对阅读材料中的论点产生怀疑。然而，为了更好地完成任务，你可以更详细地解释听力材料中的论据以及它们是如何质疑阅读材料中的观点的。此外，确保你对听力和阅读材料进行了充分比较，突出它们之间的差异。

示例1： 原文：“The response from the affirmative side was that there had to be a specific type of pine resin in order to actually preserve the bee's body long enough to be found today.” 改进：“The lecturer argues that the absence of bee fossils from 200 million years ago might be due to the rarity of trees producing the specific type of resin needed for preservation, rather than indicating that bees did not exist at that time.”

示例2： 原文：“In response to this, the affirmative side claimed that perhaps, bees in that time did not rely on flowering plants, instead forming a connection with the predecessors of the mordern flowering plants.” 改进：“The lecturer suggests that early bees might have fed on non-flowering plants like ferns or pine trees before flowering plants evolved, and later adapted to feeding on flowering plants when they appeared.”

4.文章结构与组织 你的文章结构清晰，包括引言、正文和结论。每段都集中讨论了一个特定的观点和支持细节。然而，为了提高文章的组织，你可以在段落之间使用更明确的过渡词或短语来帮助读者更好地理解你的观点。

示例1： 原文：“First, the negative side stated that there was no actual fossils of the bees themselves.” 改进：“To begin with, the reading passage argues that there are no actual fossils of bees dating back to 200 million years ago.”

示例2： 原文：“Secondly, the negative side states that there is an "absense of flowering plants."” 改进：“Furthermore, the reading passage points out the absence of flowering plants during that period as another reason to doubt the existence of bees 200 million years ago.”

5. 语法批改

In the lecture, the woman stated that the evidence provided by the skeptics are weak and holds multiple flaws.

First, the negative side stated that there waswere(Detects potentially wrong usage of "was") no actual fossils of the bees themselves. They say that the earliest preserved body of a bee was found 100 million years ago, which is half the age of the nest. The response from the affirmative side was that there had to be a specific type of pine resin in order to actually preserve the bee's body long enough to be found today. The pine resin required, as the woman states, is not commonly found during that time the nest was discovered. This means there's a good chance that bees did exist, there just wasn't the right resin to preserve their bodies.

Secondly, the negative side states that there is an "absenseabsence(misspelling) of flowering plants." In response to this, the affirmative side claimed that perhaps, bees in that time did not rely on flowering plants, instead forming a connection with the predecessors of the mordernmodern(misspelling) flowering plants. After flowering plants first emerged, then the bees switched their connection to the flowering plants.

Finally, the third reason provided by the negative side was that the "structures lack some details." Here, they state that bees create a cap that has a spiral pattern on it. On the contrary, there waswere(Detects potentially wrong usage of "was") no such caps on the nest found. In rebuttal, the affirmative side states that even if there was no physical evidence of such matter, there is still chemical evidence. Through chemical testing, it was found that there was a particular chemical found in the nest that was the same as the chemical in the waterproof covering modern bees create.

With all the evidence stated above, the woman comes to the conclusion that in fact, bees existed 200 million years ago.

Section Title: 6.文章修订

In the lecture, the speaker contends that the skeptics' arguments against the existence of bees 200 million years ago are not convincing and presents several counterarguments.

Firstly, the reading passage claims that no actual bee fossils have been found dating back to 200 million years ago. The speaker refutes this by explaining that the absence of such fossils could be due to the rarity of trees producing suitable resin for preservation during that period. This suggests that bees might have existed, but their remains were not preserved due to a lack of appropriate resin.

Secondly, the reading passage argues that bees could not have existed 200 million years ago because flowering plants, which bees rely on for sustenance, only appeared on Earth 125 million years ago. The speaker counters this by proposing that early bees may have fed on non-flowering plants such as ferns or pine trees before adapting to flowering plants when they emerged. This adaptation could have led to the stable relationship between bees and flowering plants observed today.

Lastly, the reading passage points out that fossilized structures found in Arizona lack some details typical of modern bee nests, such as spiral-patterned caps. The speaker challenges this argument by presenting chemical evidence supporting the theory that bees built these chambers. She explains that modern bees use a distinctive waterproofing substance to protect their nests from water damage, and this same substance was found in the fossilized chambers through chemical analysis.

In light of these counterarguments, the speaker concludes that it is plausible for bees to have existed 200 million years ago. (266 words)

In the lecture, the woman stated that the evidence provided by the skeptics speaker contends that the skeptics' arguments against the existence of bees 200 million years ago are weak and holds multiple flaws. not convincing and presents several counterarguments. (The original sentence was rephrased to clarify that the speaker is presenting counterarguments to the skeptics' points.)

First, the negative side stated that there was Firstly, the reading passage claims that no actual bee fossils of the bees themselves. They say that the earliest have been found dating back to 200 million years ago. The speaker refutes this by explaining that the absence of such fossils could be due to the rarity of trees producing suitable resin for preservation during that period. This suggests that bees might have existed, but their remains were not preserved body of due to a bee was found 100 million years ago, which is half the age of the nest. The response from the affirmative side was that there had to be a specific type of pine resin in order to actually preserve the bee's body long enough to be found today. The pine resin required, as the woman states, is not commonly found during that time the nest was discovered. This means there's a good chance that bees did exist, there just wasn't the right resin to preserve their bodies. lack of appropriate resin. (The original sentence was rephrased for clarity and conciseness.)

Secondly, the negative side states that there is an "absense of reading passage argues that bees could not have existed 200 million years ago because flowering plants." In response to this, the affirmative side claimed that perhaps, bees in that time did not plants, which bees rely on flowering plants, instead forming a connection with the predecessors of the mordern flowering plants. After for sustenance, only appeared on Earth 125 million years ago. The speaker counters this by proposing that early bees may have fed on non-flowering plants such as ferns or pine trees before adapting to flowering plants first emerged, then the bees switched their connection to the when they emerged. This adaptation could have led to the stable relationship between bees and flowering plants. plants observed today. (The original sentence was rephrased for clarity and conciseness.)

Finally, the third reason provided by the negative side was that the "structures Lastly, the reading passage points out that fossilized structures found in Arizona lack some details." Here, they state that bees create details typical of modern bee nests, such as spiral-patterned caps. The speaker challenges this argument by presenting chemical evidence supporting the theory that bees built these chambers. She explains that modern bees use a cap that has a spiral pattern on it. On the contrary, there was no such caps on the nest found. In rebuttal, the affirmative side states that even if there was no physical evidence of such matter, there is still chemical evidence. Through chemical testing, it was found that there was a particular chemical distinctive waterproofing substance to protect their nests from water damage, and this same substance was found in the nest that was the same as the fossilized chambers through chemical in the waterproof covering modern bees create. analysis. (The original sentence was rephrased for clarity and conciseness.)

With all the evidence stated above, the woman comes to the conclusion that in fact, bees In light of these counterarguments, the speaker concludes that it is plausible for bees to have existed 200 million years ago.ago. (The original sentence was rephrased for clarity and conciseness.)

8. Mind Map

1. Introduction
   - Skeptics' arguments
   - Counterarguments from lecture

2. Fossil Evidence
   - Absence of bee fossils
   - Rarity of suitable resin for preservation

3. Flowering Plants
   - Emergence 125 million years ago
   - Early bees feeding on non-flowering plants

4. Fossilized Structures in Arizona
   - Lack of typical modern bee nest details
   - Chemical evidence supporting bee construction

5. Conclusion
   - Plausibility of bees existing 200 million years ago

9. Keywords