TOEFL TPO -1 Speaking Task 4 Sample: Using points and examples from the lecture. Explain two reasons why a company might change a product's packaging.

1.子项得分

• 交付 (Delivery): 3

• 语言使用 (Language Use): 3

• 话题发展 (Topic Development): 2

2.预估分数

• 总分: 23

3.表达 从交付方面来看，这位同学的回答相对清晰，语速适中，但在某些地方存在不必要的停顿。建议在练习时注意保持流利的语言表达和一致的语速。同时，注意发音的准确性，以避免拼写错误。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，这位同学的回答没有很好地涵盖听力材料中提到的两种影响：信息性影响和规范性影响。回答中提到了产品包装变化的两个原因，但与听力内容关联不大。建议在练习时仔细审题，确保回答内容与问题紧密相关，并尝试用听力材料中的例子来支持自己的观点。

5.语言使用

原文：Well, the professor talks about the packaging of the products because some companies have to change the product's packaging in order to improve the sale. The professor discusses how companies change their product packaging to increase sales. (原句过长，改为更简洁的表达) There are two examples for this. However, the given examples are not relevant to the question. (原句中的例子与问题无关，需要指出) First of all, some companies change the product packaging because of the new designs. They are in response to the new technologies because there are some new materials to change the product. There is an example, in the past, the milk are kept in the glass bottles, but the glass bottles cost a lot and it's easy to broken. So now the companies change the milk bottles in more cheaper plastic. And besides of that, the second adaption is that they have to compete with other companies. So they change the size. Back to the example of the milk bottle, they change some smaller bottles from the larger bottles because they can be more portable and they can take them in the car in order to improve the selling.

Revised Answer (140 words):

The professor discusses how majority influence affects people's decisions and behavior within a group. He mentions two types of majority influence: informational influence and normative influence. Informational influence occurs when people rely on others' opinions to make decisions, as they believe that others have more accurate information. For example, if a person is unsure about which direction to take while driving and everyone else in the car suggests going straight, the person will likely follow the majority's opinion. Normative influence, on the other hand, happens when people conform to a group's norms to gain acceptance and approval. For instance, if someone dislikes a movie but everyone else in the group praises it, they might pretend to like it as well to fit in with the group.

6.思维导图

- Majority Influence
  - Informational Influence
    - Rely on others' opinions
    - Example: Driving direction
  - Normative Influence
    - Conform to group norms
    - Example: Movie opinions

7.关键词