TOEFL Speaking Task 3 Sample: Explain how the example from the professors lecture illustrates the concept of cumulative culture.

1.子项得分

• 交付：2

• 语言使用：2

• 话题发展：2

2.预估分数

• 总分：19

3.表达 在回答中，发音不够准确，语速较慢，有些词汇使用不当。建议在练习时注意提高发音的准确性，加快语速，并多加练习以提高口语表达的流利度。同时，要注意在句子之间适当地停顿，以便让听众更好地理解你的观点。

4.话题发展 回答中虽然提到了阅读材料中的累积文化概念，但在解释教授讲座例子时，没有明确说明这个例子如何体现累积文化。建议在回答时更详细地描述例子中的行为变化过程，如猴子们从河水洗土豆到用海水洗土豆，再到选择特定地点洗土豆以防被偷等。这样可以更清楚地展示累积文化的特点，并使回答更有说服力。

5.语言使用

原文：In the reading, we know that the term of cumulative culture, long-haired animals, they are instinctual, and when they introduce a larger species to their species, they will become more and more complex their behaviors, and to pass on this behavior. In the reading passage, we learn about the concept of cumulative culture in animals. This is not an instinctual behavior but rather a learned behavior that becomes more complex as it is passed on within a species. (修改了句子结构，使表达更清晰；更正了错误的词汇和语法。)

原文：For example, the monkeys, to wash the potatoes, first, the female monkey, she washing the potatoes with seawater, and later, more and more monkeys, they wash potatoes with seawater, and just to copy the female's behavior. For example, in the case of monkeys washing potatoes, it started with a female monkey who washed her potatoes in seawater. Later on, more monkeys began to adopt this behavior by washing their potatoes in seawater as well, imitating the female monkey's actions. (修改了句子结构，使表达更自然；更正了错误的词汇和语法。)

修订后的回答（140字）：

In the reading passage, we learn about the concept of cumulative culture in animals. This is not an instinctual behavior but rather a learned behavior that becomes more complex as it is passed on within a species. For example, in the case of monkeys washing potatoes, it started with a female monkey who washed her potatoes in seawater. Later on, more monkeys began to adopt this behavior by washing their potatoes in seawater as well, imitating the female monkey's actions. This example from the professor's lecture illustrates the concept of cumulative culture, as the behavior of washing potatoes in seawater became more complex and widespread among the monkeys over time.

6.思维导图

Cumulative Culture
├─ Reading Passage
│   ├─ Concept
│   └─ Learned behavior
└─ Example
    ├─ Monkeys washing potatoes
    │   ├─ Female monkey
    │   └─ Seawater
    └─ Imitation and spread of behavior

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这位同学的回答基本上是清晰的，但在某些地方可能需要稍作调整。例如，可以尝试使用更自然的语言表达，以及更好地组织句子。建议多加练习，提高发音准确性和语言流利度。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，这位同学的回答基本上是符合要求的。他们成功地解释了阅读材料中的累积文化概念，并用听力课程中的猴子例子进行了说明。然而，可以进一步改进回答的组织结构和连贯性。例如，在提到猴子如何学会使用海水清洗土豆时，可以更详细地解释这一行为如何传播和演变。此外，在总结时可以更明确地指出这个例子如何证明了累积文化的概念。总之，建议在回答中加强逻辑性和条理性，并提供更多具体细节来支持观点。

5.语言使用

原文：In this set of material, the reading passage talks about cumulative culture, which means a new behavior in the group and animals can learn by a ladder. In the given materials, the reading passage discusses cumulative culture, which refers to a new behavior within a group that animals can learn step by step.（将“set of material”改为“given materials”，使表达更自然；将“talks about”改为“discusses”，使语言更高级；将“in the group and animals can learn by a ladder”改为“within a group that animals can learn step by step”，使句子结构更清晰。）

It's a complex form of behavior and it can be shared by each other. It is a complex form of behavior that can be shared among members of the group.（将“It's”改为“It is”，使语言更正式；将“shared by each other”改为“shared among members of the group”，使表达更准确。）

It also can be passed on to the next generation. Additionally, it can be passed on to future generations.（将“It also”改为“Additionally”，使过渡更自然；将“next generation”改为“future generations”，使表达更准确。）

In the biology lecture, the professor uses the example of group monkeys on the island to explain this concept. In the biology lecture, the professor uses the example of monkeys on an island to illustrate this concept.（将“group monkeys”改为“monkeys”，使表达更简洁；将“on the island”改为“on an island”，使语言更自然；将“explain”改为“illustrate”，使语言更高级。）

Monkeys like to eat potatoes, but potatoes got covered by sand. Monkeys enjoy eating potatoes, but the potatoes get covered in sand.（将“like to eat”改为“enjoy eating”，使语言更高级；将“got covered by”改为“get covered in”，使表达更准确。）

At first, they have to use the river to wash the sands of the potatoes. Initially, they had to use the river to wash the sand off the potatoes.（将“At first”改为“Initially”，使语言更高级；将“have to use”改为“had to use”，使时态一致；将“the sands of the potatoes”改为“the sand off the potatoes”，使表达更准确。）

And then, when monkeys find they can use seawater to wash the sands, the salt can make the potatoes taste better. Later, when monkeys discovered they could use seawater to wash off the sand, the salt made the potatoes taste better.（将“And then”改为“Later”，使过渡更自然；将“find”改为“discovered”，使语言更高级；将“can use”和“can make”改为“could use”和“made”，使时态一致；将“the sands”改为“the sand”，使表达更准确。）

Last, they introduce further innovations and involve to be elaborate ritual on the beach for them to wash. Finally, they introduced further innovations, leading to an elaborate ritual on the beach for washing the potatoes.（将“Last”改为“Finally”，使过渡更自然；将“involve to be”改为“leading to”，使句子结构更清晰；将“them to wash”改为“washing the potatoes”，使表达更简洁。）

Revised Answer (140 words):

In the given materials, the reading passage discusses cumulative culture, which refers to a new behavior within a group that animals can learn step by step. It is a complex form of behavior that can be shared among members of the group. Additionally, it can be passed on to future generations. In the biology lecture, the professor uses the example of monkeys on an island to illustrate this concept. Monkeys enjoy eating potatoes, but the

6.思维导图

Cumulative Culture
├─ Reading Passage
│   ├─ New behavior
│   ├─ Shared among group members
│   └─ Passed on to future generations
└─ Biology Lecture
    ├─ Monkeys on an island
    │   ├─ Eating potatoes
    │   ├─ Washing potatoes in river
    │   ├─ Using seawater for better taste
    │   └─ Elaborate ritual on the beach

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 2 Language Use: 2 Topic Development: 2

2.预估分数

19. 3.表达

从表达方面来看，这个回答有一些语法错误和不清晰的表述。例如，“communicative culture”应该是“cumulative culture”，“phone case case”应该是“monkeys washing potatoes”的例子。建议在发言时注意语法准确性和清晰表达，以便更好地传达观点。

4.话题发展 从话题发展方面来看，这个回答没有很好地组织和解释讲座中的例子。例如，回答中提到了“diatribes”和“literature”，但这些词汇与原文无关。建议在组织回答时，确保紧密围绕原文内容，使用恰当的词汇，并提供足够的支持或例子来阐述观点。

5.语言使用

Original: In this example, our reading passage talks about communicative culture cumulative culture(原文中的词是cumulative culture，不是communicative culture), which mentions unspoken behavior in a particular group and its context. This essay pays homage to next-gen literature. The specific behavior also has many facets. In the larger lecture, professor uses the example of a phone case case group of monkeys(原文中的例子是一群猴子，不是phone case case) to explain this concept. For instance, the monkeys use their diatribes hands(原文中提到的是猴子用手，而不是diatribes) to detect potatoes, so they have to brush off the sands of the potatoes. One day, they use their diatribes hands(同上) to brush off the sands. In the literature, they find sea water, and you can use it to wash off the sands of the potatoes. At last, our conversation introduces us to the basics and says they are in love to be liberated.

Revised (140 words): In this example, our reading passage talks about cumulative culture, which refers to shared behaviors within a particular group that evolve over time. The professor uses the example of a group of monkeys to illustrate this concept. Initially, the monkeys had to brush off sand from potatoes using their hands. One day, a monkey started washing potatoes in a river, and others followed suit. Later on, some monkeys began washing potatoes in seawater, possibly because the salt made them taste better. This behavior also spread among the group. Eventually, to protect their washed potatoes from being stolen, some monkeys started washing them in secluded spots on the beach. This example demonstrates how a simple behavior evolved into a more complex and beneficial one through cumulative culture, as each generation of monkeys learned and modified the potato-washing technique.

6.思维导图

Cumulative Culture
├─ Group of Monkeys
│   ├─ Brushing off sand from potatoes
│   ├─ Washing potatoes in river
│   └─ Washing potatoes in seawater
└─ Evolution of Behavior
    ├─ Learning from others
    ├─ Modifying behavior for better results
    └─ Protecting resources (secluded spots)

7.关键词

1.子项得分 Delivery: 3 Language Use: 3 Topic Development: 3

2.预估分数

23. 3.表达

在这个回答中，发言者的表达大致清晰，但在某些地方可能需要改进。例如，发言者在描述猴子行为时，使用了“scents”一词，但实际上应该是“sand”。此外，发言者在描述猴子如何使用海水清洗土豆时，可能需要更清晰地解释原因。建议发言者在练习发音和词汇选择方面多加练习，以便更准确地传达信息。

4.话题发展 从话题发展的角度来看，发言者基本上提供了一个连贯且组织良好的回答。然而，在解释猴子行为演变过程中，可以更详细地描述每个阶段的变化以及它们如何相互关联。例如，在描述猴子开始使用海水清洗土豆时，可以强调这是因为海水中的盐使土豆口感更好。此外，在讨论猴子如何在海滩上找到私密的地方清洗土豆时，可以更明确地说明这是为了保护土豆不被其他猴子偷走。建议发言者在组织和阐述观点时更加细致，以便更好地展示话题发展。

5.语言使用

Original Answer: In this set of material, the reading passage talks about cumulative culture, which means a new behavior in a group and can be shared. It is also complex and can be passed on to the future generations. Well, in the biology lecture, the professor uses the example of a group of monkeys on the island to illustrate the concept. Initially, monkeys enjoyed eating potatoes, but they had to brush off the scents sand (原文中的“scents”应为“sand”，因为猴子需要清洗土豆上的沙子，而不是气味) of the potatoes. After a few years, monkeys find they can use seawater to rinse the scents sand (同上，应为“sand”) of the potatoes, because the scents salt (此处应为“salt”，因为海水中的盐使土豆口感更好) can make the potatoes taste better. Finally, they introduce further innovations to use seawater in private places away from other monkeys, because other monkeys will steal their potatoes.

Revised Answer (140 words): In this set of materials, the reading passage discusses cumulative culture, which refers to a new behavior within a group that can be shared and passed on to future generations. The biology lecture provides an example of a group of monkeys on an island to illustrate this concept. Initially, the monkeys enjoyed eating potatoes but had to brush off the sand on them. Eventually, they discovered that using seawater to rinse the sand off the potatoes made them taste better due to the salt content. As time went on, the monkeys introduced further innovations by washing their potatoes in private spots away from other monkeys to prevent theft. This example demonstrates how cumulative culture evolves over time, with new behaviors being learned, modified, and passed down through generations.

6.思维导图

Cumulative Culture
├─ Reading Passage
│   ├─ New behavior in a group
│   ├─ Shared and passed on
│   └─ Future generations
└─ Biology Lecture Example
    ├─ Monkeys on an island
    │   ├─ Eating potatoes
    │   ├─ Brushing off sand
    │   ├─ Using seawater (salt)
    │   └─ Private spots (prevent theft)
    └─ Illustrates cumulative culture evolution

7.关键词