TOEFL TPO 38 Writing Task 1 Sample: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific methods proposed in the reading passage.
legacy_task_page.hero_subtitle
legacy_task_page.sample_count
legacy_task_page.legacy_notice_title
legacy_task_page.legacy_notice_body
legacy_task_page.task_overview_title
legacy_task_page.reading_passage
In 1995 a microscopic fungus called Phytophthora ramorum, or P. ramorum, was first detected in the forests of the western United States. P. ramorum infects trees and causes particularly serious damage in oak trees: in many infected oaks, leaves wither rapidly, large cracks appear in the bark, and the trees die. A spread of P. ramorum represents a serious threat to the forests in the western states. Several methods of protecting the forests have been proposed.First, stopping P. ramorum spores from spreading would surely be an effective method. Spores are small particles through which all fungi, including P. ramorum, reproduce. Researchers have discovered that many P. ramorum spores can be found along hiking or biking trails, suggesting human-assisted spread by way of shoes and bicycle tires. A few measures to prevent such human-assisted spread—like encouraging hikers to wash their shoes and installing new bike scrubbers on bicycle trails—would be an effective and low-cost way to stop the spread of P. ramorum.Second, there are a few fungicidal (fungus-fighting) chemicals that can be used to protect the oak trees. Some of these chemicals stimulate the oak trees’ natural defenses against the P. ramorum fungus and have been found in small-scale tryouts to significantly reduce the likelihood that the oaks will be infected.A third way to fight P. ramorum is a practice called clear-cutting. This approach starts with cutting and burning the diseased oaks, but it also involves cutting and burning the seemingly healthy vegetation (bushes and other kinds of trees) surrounding the oaks. This is done because some of the surrounding plants and trees may be infected even though they do not show any symptoms of the disease. Clearing large areas of vegetation in places where diseased trees are found is often an efficient measure to stop the spread of infections.
legacy_task_page.question
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific methods proposed in the reading passage.
legacy_task_page.user_samples_title
task_page.user_sample
The reading proposes three methods of combating P. ramorum spreading and protecting the forests. In contrast, the lecture disputes that all the abovementioned strategies have their limitation which make them ineffective and impractical. Firstly, the author claims that preventing human-assisted fungus spread can stop P. ramorum spores dissemination. Nonetheless, the lecturer opposes that this methodology will not have much impact since P. ramorum spores not only spread through human activity but also, more often, rainfall. To illustrate, the spores can be rushed by rain water into stream and taken to distant places, which makes the transmission impossible to control. Moreover, according to the passage, fungicidal chemicals, which have been shown in small-scale tryouts, are a possible candidate of controlling the tree disease. However, the listening challenges this viewpoint by presenting the facts that fungus-fighting drugs are only effective when injected into vegetations, and the effect only lasts several months, which means repeated injection is required. Therefore, controlling P. ramorum with fungicides is only probable in parks, instead of forests, where thousands of oak trees grow, which make the medication impractical and expensive. Lastly, the writer suggests that clear-cutting, i.e., eliminating both diseased and surrounding seemingly healthy trees, is a probable way out. On the contrary, the speaker reputes that the cutting of the nearby precious rare vegetation in the western USA is such a damage to the ecology system that it is worse than the spread of fungus among oak trees.
task_page.evaluation_result
1.Sub Scores
-
Task fulfillment: 4
-
Organization: 4
-
Coherence and Cohesion: 4
-
Language Use: 4
2.Estimated Scores
- Estimated Score: 25
3.Task completeness The essay effectively summarizes the points made in the lecture and explains how they cast doubt on the specific methods proposed in the reading passage. However, there is room for improvement in terms of providing more specific details from the lecture to support the arguments. Additionally, some sentences could be rephrased for better clarity.
Suggestions for improvement:
-
Include more specific details from the lecture to strengthen your arguments.
-
Rephrase some sentences for better clarity and conciseness.
Examples:
-
Original sentence: "To illustrate, the spores can be rushed by rain water into stream and taken to distant places, which makes the transmission impossible to control." Improved sentence: "For example, rainwater can carry spores into streams, transporting them to distant locations and making it difficult to control their spread."
-
Original sentence: "Therefore, controlling P. ramorum with fungicides is only probable in parks, instead of forests, where thousands of oak trees grow, which make the medication impractical and expensive." Improved sentence: "Thus, using fungicides to control P. ramorum is only feasible in parks with fewer trees; applying this method in large forests with thousands of oaks would be impractical and costly."
4.Essay structure and organization The essay has a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs addressing each point from the lecture, and a conclusion. The organization is logical; however, transitions between ideas could be improved for better coherence.
Suggestions for improvement:
-
Enhance transitions between ideas within paragraphs.
-
Ensure that each paragraph focuses on a single point with supporting details.
Examples:
-
Original transition: "On the contrary," Improved transition: "In contrast,"
-
Original paragraph structure: "Firstly, the author claims that preventing human-assisted fungus spread can stop P. ramorum spores dissemination. Nonetheless, the lecturer opposes that this methodology will not have much impact since P. ramorum spores not only spread through human activity but also, more often, rainfall." Improved paragraph structure: "Firstly, the author claims that preventing human-assisted fungus spread can stop P. ramorum spores dissemination. In contrast, the lecturer argues that this method will not have a significant impact because P. ramorum spores spread not only through human activity but also, more commonly, via rainfall."
5. Grammar
The reading proposes three methods of combating P. ramorumfamous(misspelling) spreading and protecting the forests. In contrast, the lecture disputes that all the abovementioned strategies have their limitation which make them ineffective and impractical.
Firstly, the author claims that preventing human-assisted fungus spread can stop P. ramorumfamous(misspelling) spores dissemination. Nonetheless, the lecturer opposes that this methodology will not have much impact since P. ramorumfamous(misspelling) spores not only spread through human activity but also, more often, rainfall. To illustrate, the spores can be rushed by rain water into streama stream(This rule identifies whether the article 'a' is missing in a sentence.) and taken to distant places, which makes the transmission impossible to control.
Moreover, according to the passage, fungicidal chemicals, which have been shown in small-scale tryouts, are a possible candidate of controlling the tree disease. However, the listening challenges this viewpoint by presenting the facts that fungus-fighting drugs are only effective when injected into vegetationsvegetation(misspelling), and the effect only lasts several months, which means repeated injection is required. Therefore, controlling P. ramorumfamous(misspelling) with fungicides is only probable in parks, instead of forests, where thousands of oak trees grow, which make the medication impractical and expensive.
Lastly, the writer suggests that clear-cutting, i.e., eliminating both diseased and surrounding seemingly healthy trees, is a probable way out. On the contrary, the speaker reputes that the cutting of the nearby precious rare vegetation in the western USA is such a damagedamage(Articles: a + uncountable noun) to the ecology system that it is worse than the spread of fungus among oak trees.
Section Title: 6. Revised Essay
The reading proposes three methods of combating P. ramorum spreading and protecting the forests. In contrast, the lecture disputes that all the abovementioned strategies have their limitation which make them ineffective and impractical.
Firstly, the author claims that preventing human-assisted fungus spread can stop P. ramorum spores dissemination. Nonetheless, the lecturer opposes that this methodology will not have much impact since P. ramorum spores not only spread through human activity but also, more often, rainfall. To illustrate, the spores can be rushed by rain water into stream and taken to distant places, which makes the transmission impossible to control.
Moreover, according to the passage, fungicidal chemicals, which have been shown in small-scale tryouts, are a possible candidate of controlling the tree disease. However, the listening challenges this viewpoint by presenting the facts that fungus-fighting drugs are only effective when injected into vegetations, and the effect only lasts several months, which means repeated injection is required. Therefore, controlling P. ramorum with fungicides is only probable in parks, instead of forests, where thousands of oak trees grow, which make the medication impractical and expensive.
Lastly, the writer suggests that clear-cutting, i.e., eliminating both diseased and surrounding seemingly healthy trees, is a probable way out. On the contrary, the speaker reputes that the cutting of the nearby precious rare vegetation in the western USA is such a damage to the ecology system that it is worse than the spread of fungus among oak trees. (246 words)
The reading proposes three methods for combating the spread of combating P. ramorum spreading P. ramorum and protecting the forests. In contrast, the lecture disputes that all the abovementioned aforementioned strategies have their limitation which make limitations, making them ineffective and impractical.
Firstly, the author claims that preventing human-assisted fungus spread can stop P. ramorum spores spore dissemination. Nonetheless, the lecturer opposes that this methodology counters this by stating that this approach will not have much impact since P. ramorum spores not only spread through human activity but also, more often, rainfall. rainfall (clarification for better understanding). To illustrate, the spores can be rushed carried by rain water rainwater into stream streams and taken to distant places, which makes the making transmission impossible to control.
Moreover, according to the passage, fungicidal chemicals, which have been shown in small-scale tryouts, trials (changed "tryouts" to "trials" for better word choice), are a possible candidate of for controlling the tree disease. However, the listening challenges this viewpoint by presenting the facts that fungus-fighting drugs are only effective when injected into vegetations, and the plants (changed "vegetations" to "plants" for better word choice), and their effect only lasts several months, which means meaning repeated injection is injections are required. Therefore, controlling P. ramorum with fungicides is only probable feasible in parks, parks (changed "probable" to "feasible" for better word choice), instead of forests, forests where thousands of oak trees grow, which make the medication grow; this makes treatment impractical and expensive.
Lastly, the writer suggests that clear-cutting, clear-cutting – i.e., eliminating both diseased and surrounding seemingly healthy trees, trees – is a probable way out. solution (changed "way out" to "solution" for better word choice). On the contrary, the speaker reputes that the argues that cutting of the nearby precious rare vegetation in the western USA is causes such a damage to the ecology system ecosystem (changed "ecology system" to "ecosystem") that it is worse than the spread of spreading fungus among oak trees.
8. Mind Map
- Essay Structure
- Introduction
- Reading proposes methods to combat P. ramorum
- Lecture disputes effectiveness of methods
- Method 1: Preventing human-assisted spread
- Reading: stop spore dissemination
- Lecture: spores spread through rainfall, hard to control
- Method 2: Fungicidal chemicals
- Reading: small-scale tryouts show promise
- Lecture: impractical and expensive for large-scale use
- Method 3: Clear-cutting trees
- Reading: eliminate diseased and surrounding trees
- Lecture: damage to ecology system worse than fungus spread
- Points of Lecture:
1. P. ramorum spreads through rainfall, not just human activity.
2. Fungicides require repeated injections, making them impractical.
3. Clear-cutting damages the ecosystem more than the fungus does.
9. Key Words
| Word | Phonetic Symbol | Part of Speech | English Definition | English Translation (if needed) | Sample Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dissemination | dɪˌsɛmɪˈneɪʃən | noun | The act of spreading something, especially information, widely; circulation | The dissemination of P. ramorum spores is difficult to control. | |
| fungicidal | fʌnˈdʒaɪsɪdl | adjective | Capable of destroying fungi or inhibiting their growth | Fungicidal chemicals have shown promise in small-scale tryouts. | |
| methodology | meθəˈdɒlədʒi | noun | A system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity | The lecture disputes the methodology proposed by the reading. | |
| vegetations | vɛdʒɪˈteɪʃənz | noun | Plant life or total plant cover | Fungicides are only effective when injected into vegetations. | |
| clear-cutting | klɪərˈkʌtɪŋ | noun | The removal of all trees from an area, including both diseased and healthy ones | Clear-cutting is suggested as a way to control the spread of fungus. | |
| ecology | iːˈkɒlədʒi | noun | The branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another | Clear-cutting damages the ecology system more than the fungus does. | |
| spores | spɔːz | noun | A minute, typically one-celled, reproductive unit capable of giving rise to a new individual without sexual fusion, characteristic of lower plants, fungi, and protozoans. | Spores can be spread through rainfall and human activity. | |
| impractical | - ɪmˈpræktɪkl | - adjective | - (of an object or course of action) not adapted for use or action; not sensible or realistic. | - Using fungicides on a large scale is impractical and expensive. | |
| oppose | - əˈpoʊz | - verb | - disapprove of and attempt to prevent, especially by argument. | - The lecturer opposes the methods proposed in the reading. | |
| reputation | - rɛpjʊˈteɪʃən | - noun | - the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or something. | - The speaker reputes the idea of clear-cutting as a solution. |
legacy_task_page.current_toefl_title
legacy_task_page.current_toefl_desc
Behaal vandaag nog je doelscore!
Met LingoLeap, dé expert in Engelse taalexamens
Bereik je droombeoordeling sneller