TOEFL TPO 26 Writing Task 1 Sample: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.

1.子项得分 任务完成度: 5 组织: 4 连贯性和衔接: 4 语言使用: 4

2.预估分数

26. 3.任务完成度

整体来说，这篇文章很好地完成了任务要求，阐述了听力中的观点如何对阅读材料中的观点产生质疑。为了进一步提高文章的质量，可以尝试更加深入地分析听力材料中的论据，以及更具体地说明它们是如何对阅读材料产生影响的。

示例1： 原文：Therefore, ships can be required to empty the ballast water before landing and replace it with fresh ocean water. 修改后：Therefore, ships can be required to empty the ballast water before landing and replace it with fresh ocean water, which is an effective measure to prevent the spread of zebra mussels.

示例2： 原文：More specific, they generate nutrients for some species of fish- the bottom-eating fish and the population of these fish will increase. 修改后：More specifically, zebra mussels generate nutrients for some species of fish, such as bottom-eating fish, leading to an increase in their population and thus balancing out any potential negative impacts on other fish populations.

4.文章结构与组织 文章的结构和组织方面做得相当不错，有明确的引言、主体和结论。然而，在段落之间加入更清晰的过渡词或短语可以使文章更加连贯。此外，确保每个段落的主题句都能清晰地概括该段落的主要观点。

示例1： 原文：Firstly, the writer claims that the zebra mussel’s past colonization via ballast water suggests that their invasion is unstoppable. 添加过渡词后：To begin with, the writer claims that the zebra mussel’s past colonization via ballast water suggests that their invasion is unstoppable.

示例2： 原文：Secondly, the writer asserts that the zebra mussels can readily take control of the new habitats once they arrive there because they can perform well under diverse conditions and have a high rate of reproduction with almost no natural predators. 添加过渡词后：On the other hand, the writer asserts that the zebra mussels can readily take control of the new habitats once they arrive there because they can perform well under diverse conditions and have a high rate of reproduction with almost no natural predators.

5. 语法批改

The reading passage and the listening comprehension discuss whether the zebra mussel, a freshwater shellfish native to Eastern Europe, will dominate the new habitats in Northern America and drastically threaten the population of freshwater fish. While the reading proposes that the invasion of zebra mussels is unstoppable, the lecture challenges this by suggesting that there are certain ways to control their population and that they won’t pose a serious threat. Firstly, the writer claims that the zebra mussel’s past colonization via ballast water suggests that their invasion is unstoppable. However, the professor refutes this view, (Two consecutive spaces)suggesting that their spread happened in the past when people had no knowledge as to how to cope with them effectively. According to him, nowadays, people know that zebra mussels travel across oceans via ballast water in boats. Therefore, ships can be required to empty the ballast water before landing and replace it with fresh ocean water. And the salty water will kill all the zebra mussels. Hence, cross-ocean ships will not bring new zebra mussels to Northern America. Secondly, the writer asserts that the zebra mussels can readily take control of the new habitats once they arrive there because they can perform well under diverse conditions and have a high rate of (Two consecutive spaces)reproduction with almost no natural predators. In contrast, the professor maintains a different opinion, stating that that’s what happened in the beginning. He further explains that sooner or later, a kind of aquatic bird will notice the existence of the zebra mussels. Hence, they will soon change from what they have eaten before to the zebra mussels and, and(comma between independent clauses) they eat a huge amount of them. They even change their habitat to where there are plenty of zebra mussels. As a result, because of this predator, zebra mussels are not likely to dominate the new habitat. Lastly, the writer states that zebra mussels can lead to a decline in other fish populations because they can easily crowd out other species by taking over food needed by them. Contrary to the reading’s view, the professor believes that the overall fish population is unlikely to decrease. In other words, zebra mussels may compete for food with plankton eaters but, but(comma between independent clauses) they may have a positive impact on other types of fish. More specific, they generate nutrients for some species of fish- thefish-the(wrongly split words with hyphen) bottom-eating fishfish,(This rule identifies whether commas are missing in a sentence.) and the population of these fish will increase. Consequently, the overall fish population will not be likely to decline.

Section Title: 6.文章修订

The reading passage and the listening comprehension discuss whether the zebra mussel, a freshwater shellfish native to Eastern Europe, will dominate the new habitats in Northern America and drastically threaten the population of freshwater fish. While the reading proposes that the invasion of zebra mussels is unstoppable, the lecture challenges this by suggesting that there are certain ways to control their population and that they won’t pose a serious threat.

Firstly, the writer claims that the zebra mussel’s past colonization via ballast water suggests that their invasion is unstoppable. However, the professor refutes this view, suggesting that their spread happened in the past when people had no knowledge as to how to cope with them effectively. According to him, nowadays, people know that zebra mussels travel across oceans via ballast water in boats. Therefore, ships can be required to empty the ballast water before landing and replace it with fresh ocean water. And the salty water will kill all the zebra mussels. Hence, cross-ocean ships will not bring new zebra mussels to Northern America.

Secondly, the writer asserts that the zebra mussels can readily take control of the new habitats once they arrive there because they can perform well under diverse conditions and have a high rate of reproduction with almost no natural predators. In contrast, the professor maintains a different opinion, stating that that’s what happened in the beginning. He further explains that sooner or later, a kind of aquatic bird will notice the existence of the zebra mussels. Hence, they will soon change from what they have eaten before to the zebra mussels and they eat a huge amount of them. They even change their habitat to where there are plenty of zebra mussels. As a result, because of this predator, zebra mussels are not likely to dominate the new habitat.

Lastly, the writer states that zebra mussels can lead to a decline in other fish populations because they can easily crowd out other species by taking over food needed by them. Contrary to the reading’s view, the professor believes that the overall fish population is unlikely to decrease. In other words, zebra mussels may compete for food with plankton eaters but they may have a positive impact on other types of fish. More specific, they generate nutrients for some species of fish- the bottom-eating fish and the population of these fish will increase. Consequently, the overall fish population will not be likely to decline. (410 words)

Section Title: 7. Article Revision

The reading passage and the listening comprehension discuss whether the zebra mussel, a freshwater shellfish native to Eastern Europe, will dominate the new habitats in Northern North America (changed "Northern" to "North" for consistency) and drastically threaten the population of freshwater fish. While the reading proposes that the invasion of zebra mussels is unstoppable, the lecture challenges this by suggesting that there are certain ways to control their population and that they won’t pose a serious threat.

Firstly, the writer claims that the zebra mussel’s past colonization via ballast water suggests that their invasion is unstoppable. unstoppable. However, the professor refutes this view, view, suggesting that their spread happened in the past when people had no knowledge as to how to cope with them effectively. According to him, nowadays, people know that zebra mussels travel across oceans via ballast water in boats. Therefore, ships can be required to empty the ballast water before landing and replace it with fresh ocean water. And the The salty water will kill all the zebra mussels. mussels (added "the" for clarity). Hence, cross-ocean ships will not bring new zebra mussels to Northern America. North America (changed "Northern" to "North" for consistency).

Secondly, the writer asserts that the zebra mussels can readily take control of the new habitats once they arrive there because they can perform well under diverse conditions and have a high rate of of reproduction with almost no natural predators. In contrast, the professor maintains a different opinion, stating that that’s that's what happened in the beginning. initially (changed "in the beginning" to "initially" for better flow). He further explains that sooner or later, a kind of aquatic bird will notice the existence of the zebra mussels. Hence, they will soon change from what they have eaten before to the zebra mussels and they eat eating zebra mussels (rephrased for clarity), consuming a huge amount of them. They even change their habitat to where there are plenty of zebra mussels. As a result, because of this predator, zebra mussels are not likely to dominate the new habitat.

Lastly, the writer states that zebra mussels can lead to a decline in other fish populations because they can easily crowd out other species by taking over food needed by them. Contrary to the reading’s view, the professor believes that the overall fish population is unlikely to decrease. In other words, zebra mussels may compete for food with plankton eaters but they may have a positive impact on other types of fish. More specific, specifically (changed "specific" to "specifically"), they generate nutrients for some species of fish- fish - the bottom-eating fish - and the population of these fish will increase. Consequently, the overall fish population will not likely decline (rephrased "not be likely to decline.likely" for better flow).

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8. Mind Map

9. Keywords