TOEFL TPO 27 Writing Task 1 Sample: Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge the specific theories presented in the reading passage.

1.子项得分 任务完成度：4 组织：4 连贯与衔接：4 语言使用：3

2.预估分数

25. 3.任务完成度

整体来说，你的文章较好地完成了任务要求，概述了听力材料中的观点，并解释了它们如何挑战阅读材料中提出的理论。然而，有一些建议可以帮助你更好地完成任务：

1. 在引入听力观点时，尝试更具体地描述听力中提到的细节和例子。这将使你的论证更加有说服力。

2. 注意在文章中保持一致的时态。在描述阅读和听力材料时，最好使用过去时。

示例：

• 原文：“He claims that the disruption of ocean currents only happens in European and North America, but the Little Ice Age also happens in other areas.” 改进：“He claimed that the disruption of ocean currents only happened in Europe and North America, but the Little Ice Age also affected other areas.”

• 原文：“However, there are no reports of such phenomenon.” 改进：“However, there were no reports of such phenomena during that period.”

4.文章结构与组织 你的文章结构清晰，包括引言、主体和结论。每个段落都集中讨论一个特定观点，并提供支持细节。然而，在组织方面还有一些改进空间：

1. 在段落之间使用更明确的过渡词或短语，以帮助读者更好地理解你的观点。

2. 在引言中简要概述阅读和听力材料的主题，以便为读者提供背景信息。

示例：

• 原文：“To begin with, the author argues that the cooling might have been caused by disruption of ocean currents, which strongly affects Earth's climate.” 改进：“Firstly, the reading passage suggests that the cooling might have been caused by disruption of ocean currents, which strongly affect Earth's climate.”

• 原文：“In contrast, the lecturer casts doubt on this point.” 改进：“On the other hand, the lecturer casts doubt on this point by stating that…”

5. 语法批改

Both the reading and the listening material discuss possible reasons causing the Little Ice Age. In the reading material, the author cites 3 reasons for the Little Ice Age. Nevertheless, in the listening material, the lecturer rebuts every point, providing alternative explanations.

To begin with, the author argues that the cooling might have been caused by disruption of ocean currents, which strongly affects Earth's climate. However, the lecturer presents an opposite view. He claims that the disruption of ocean currents only happens in European and North America, but the Little Ice Age also happens in other areas. To be specific, he adds that the Little Ice Age exists in some southern countries and areas, such as South Africa. As a result, this does not completely correspond to the areas influenced by the disruption of ocean currents.

Secondly, the author contends that volcanic eruptions could sentsend(Non-infinitive verb after modal verbs) dark clouds into the atmosphere, and the clouds could block sunlight from reaching Earth, making the global temperatures drop a lot. In contrast, the lecturer casts doubt on this point. He demonstrates that if there are enough clouds to cause the Little Ice Age, then some other visual effects should be observed as well, which are actually not found in this period. To support this, he mentions that a lot of dust from volcanic eruptions could also cause effects, such as colorful sunsets, greygray(misspelling) and brown snow and so on. However, there are no reports of such phenomenon. As a result, the dust needed to cause the Little Ice Age is not enough.

Finally, the author states that decreases in human population could decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm, thus contributing to the cooling of the climate. However, the lecturer challenges this stand. He points out that the time needed for this process is not enough. He advance his point by saying that the drop of human population only continues for a short period. When the population begins to recover, human cut down trees and use them for fuels. Moreover, they also cut down trees to have more lands for their crop growing. As a result, the number of trees begins to (Two consecutive spaces)decrease again, and the period between the increase and the decrease of the number of trees is not long enough for the process to happen.

6.文章修订

Both the reading and the listening materials discuss potential causes of the Little Ice Age. In the reading passage, three possible explanations are presented. However, in the listening material, the lecturer refutes each point by providing alternative explanations.

Firstly, the reading passage suggests that the cooling might have been caused by disruption of ocean currents, which strongly affect Earth's climate. On the other hand, the lecturer presents a contrasting view. He claims that disruption of ocean currents only occurred in Europe and North America, whereas the Little Ice Age also affected other regions. Specifically, he mentions that southern countries and areas such as South Africa experienced this phenomenon as well. Consequently, this does not entirely correspond to areas influenced by disrupted ocean currents.

Secondly, the author contends that volcanic eruptions could have sent dark clouds into the atmosphere, blocking sunlight from reaching Earth and significantly lowering global temperatures. Contrarily, the lecturer casts doubt on this point by stating that if there were enough clouds to cause the Little Ice Age, then other visual effects should have been observed during this period as well. To support his argument, he explains that large amounts of dust from volcanic eruptions could also cause phenomena such as colorful sunsets or grey and brown snow. However, there are no records of such occurrences during that time frame. As a result, it seems unlikely that sufficient dust was present to cause global cooling.

Lastly, according to the author's perspective in the reading passage, decreases in human population could have reduced greenhouse effects that keep Earth warm; thus contributing to climate cooling. Nevertheless, in contrast to this view, the lecturer challenges this notion by pointing out that there was not enough time for this process to occur effectively. He elaborates on his argument by stating that human population decline only persisted for a short period before recovering quickly. As populations rebounded and expanded once more; trees were cut down for fuel and land was cleared for crop cultivation. Consequently, the number of trees began to decrease again, and the time between the increase and decrease of tree populations was not long enough for this process to significantly impact global cooling. (364 words)

7.文章批改

Both the reading and the listening material materials discuss possible reasons causing potential causes of the Little Ice Age. In the reading material, the author cites 3 reasons for the Little Ice Age. Nevertheless, passage, three possible explanations are presented. However, in the listening material, the lecturer rebuts every point, refutes each point by providing alternative explanations. (Changed "Nevertheless" to "However" for smoother transition)

To begin with, the author argues Firstly, the reading passage suggests that the cooling might have been caused by disruption of ocean currents, which strongly affects affect Earth's climate. However, On the other hand, the lecturer presents an opposite a contrasting view. (Changed "opposite view" to "contrasting view" for better vocabulary) He claims that the disruption of ocean currents only happens occurred in European Europe and North America, but whereas the Little Ice Age also happens in affected other areas. To be specific, regions. Specifically, he adds that the Little Ice Age exists in some mentions that southern countries and areas, areas such as South Africa. As a result, Africa experienced this phenomenon as well. Consequently, this does not completely entirely correspond to the areas influenced by the disruption of disrupted ocean currents.

Secondly, the author contends that volcanic eruptions could have sent dark clouds into the atmosphere, and the clouds could block blocking sunlight from reaching Earth, making the Earth and significantly lowering global temperatures drop a lot. In contrast, temperatures. Contrarily, (Changed "In contrast" to "Contrarily" for better transition) the lecturer casts doubt on this point. He demonstrates point by stating that if there are were enough clouds to cause the Little Ice Age, then some other visual effects should be have been observed during this period as well, which are actually not found in this period. well. To support this, his argument, he mentions that a lot explains that large amounts of dust from volcanic eruptions could also cause effects, phenomena such as colorful sunsets, sunsets or grey and brown snow and so on. snow. However, there are no reports records of such phenomenon. occurrences during that time frame. As a result, the it seems unlikely that sufficient dust needed was present to cause the Little Ice Age is not enough. global cooling.

Finally, the author states that Lastly, according to the author's perspective in the reading passage, decreases in human population could decrease the have reduced greenhouse effect that keeps effects that keep Earth warm, warm; thus contributing to the cooling of the climate. However, climate cooling. Nevertheless (Changed "However" to "Nevertheless" for variety), in contrast to this view, the lecturer challenges this stand. notion by pointing out that there was not enough time for this process to occur effectively. He points out that the time needed for this process is not enough. He advance elaborates on his point by saying that the drop of argument by stating that human population decline only continues persisted for a short period. When the population begins to recover, human period before recovering quickly. As populations rebounded and expanded once more; trees were cut down for fuel and land was cleared for crop cultivation. Consequently, the number of trees and use them for fuels. Moreover, they also cut down trees to have more lands for their crop growing. As a result, the number of trees begins to began to decrease again, and the period time between the increase and the decrease of the number of trees is tree populations was not long enough for the this process to happen.significantly impact global cooling. (Changed "to happen" to "to significantly impact global cooling" for clearer explanation)

8.思维导图

• Introduction

  • Reading passage: three possible causes
  • Listening material: refutes each point

• Cause 1: Disruption of ocean currents

  • Reading: cooling caused by disrupted currents
  • Listening: affected Europe and North America only, not southern regions

• Cause 2: Volcanic eruptions

  • Reading: dark clouds block sunlight, lower temperatures
  • Listening: insufficient visual effects observed, not enough dust to cause cooling

• Cause 3: Decreases in human population

  • Reading: reduced greenhouse effects, climate cooling
  • Listening: not enough time for process to occur, population rebounded quickly

9.关键词